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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §23.4.22.pr

Annuity Agreement for Wife and Inherited Rent Arrears

Passage 3481 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

A case where a husband agreed to give the rent of a dowry land to his wife as an annuity, and the wife's mother leased the land but died owing rent, leaving the wife as her sole heir. After their divorce, when the husband sued the wife for the rent, it was held that she could not raise a plea based on the annuity agreement, as it would validate prohibited gifts between spouses.

[IDEM libro secundo ad Urseium Ferocem. ] §23.4.22.prQuidam fundum dotis causa ab uxore sua acceperat interque eos conuenerat, ut mercedes eius fundi uir uxori annui nomine daret: deinde eum fundum uir matri mulieris certa pensione colendum locauerat eaque, cum mercedes eius fundi deberet, decesserat et filiam suam solam heredem reliquerat et diuortium factum erat: uir deinde petebat a muliere mercedes, quas mater debuerat.
[THE SAME, from the second book on Urseius Ferox.] A certain man had received a tract of land from his wife as a dowry, and it had been agreed between them that the husband should give the rent of this land to his wife under the name of an annuity. Subsequently, the husband had leased this land to the woman's mother to be cultivated for a certain rent; and she, while she owed the rent of this land, died, leaving her daughter as her sole heir, and a divorce took place. The husband then demanded from the woman the rent which her mother had owed.
placuit exceptionem mulieri dari non debere 'ac si inter se et uirum non conuenisset, ut hae mercedes sibi alimentorum nomine darentur', cum futurum sit, ut quodammodo donationes inter uirum et uxorem confirmentur: nam quod annui nomine datur, species est donationis.
It was held that a plea (exceptio) ought not to be granted to the woman "as if it had not been agreed between her and her husband that this rent should be given to her under the name of maintenance," since the result would be that, in a certain way, donations between husband and wife would be validated; for what is given under the name of an annuity is a species of donation.

Notes

  1. §23.4.22.prcolendum — A gerundive agreeing with `fundum`, expressing purpose or destination with the verb of leasing `locauerat` ("leased to be cultivated").
  2. §23.4.22.prexceptionem ... ac si ... non conuenisset — The wording that defines the substance of the plea (exceptio). `ac si` introduces a hypothetical comparison ("as if ... had not been agreed"). The passage indicates that the wife is barred from raising this defense to escape the debt, because doing so would indirectly validate prohibited gifts between spouses.
  3. §23.4.22.prcum futurum sit, ut — A combination of the causal conjunction `cum` (with the subjunctive `sit`) and the impersonal periphrasis `futurum sit ut` indicating a future consequence ("since it would happen that..." or "since the result would be that...").

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §23.4.22.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:23.4.22.pr

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