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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §23.3.61.pr-23.3.61.1

Excessive Dowry Promises and Property Sales by Curators

Passage 3435 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text discusses the validity of a promise of excessive dowry exceeding a woman's means made with a curator's consent, and the procedure for a curator to obtain judicial authorization to sell property in order to provide the dowry in money.

[TERENTIUS CLEMENS libro tertio ad legem Iuliam et Papiam. ] §23.3.61.prSiue generalis curator siue dotis dandae causa constitutus sit et amplius doti promissum est quam facultates mulieris ualent, ipso iure promissio non ualet, quia lege rata non habetur auctoritas dolo malo facta.
[TERENTIUS CLEMENS in the third book on the Lex Iulia et Papia.] Whether a general curator is appointed, or one for the purpose of giving a dowry, if more has been promised as dowry than the resources of the woman are worth, by law itself the promise is void, because an authorization made with malicious intent is not held valid by law.
quaerendum tamen est, utrum tota obligatio an quod amplius promissum est, quam promitti oportuit, infirmetur? et utilius est dicere id quod superfluum est tantummodo infirmare.
However, it must be asked whether the entire obligation is invalidated, or only that which was promised in excess of what ought to have been promised? And it is more practical to say that only that which is superfluous is invalidated.
§23.3.61.1Iste autem curator res dotis nomine tradere debet, non etiam ut uendat cuilibet et pretium eius in dotem det.
However, that curator ought to deliver things under the title of dowry, and not also to sell them to anyone and give the price thereof as dowry.
dubitari autem potest, an hoc uerum sit: quid enim si aliter honeste nubere non possit, quam ut pecuniam in dotem det idque ei magis expediat? atquin possunt res in dotem datae plerumque alienari et pecunia in dotem conuerti.
But it can be doubted whether this is true: for what if she cannot otherwise marry respectably except by giving money as dowry, and this is more advantageous to her? And yet, things given as dowry can generally be alienated and the money converted into dowry.
sed ut expediatur quaestio, si quidem res in dotem maritus accipere maluerit, nihil amplius quaerendum est: sin autem non aliter contrahere matrimonium uir patitur nisi pecuniis in dotem datis, tunc officium est curatoris apud eundem intrare iudicem, qui eum constituit, ut iterum ei causa cognita etiam uiro absente permittat rerum uenditione celebrata dotem constituere.
But to resolve the question, if indeed the husband prefers to receive the things as dowry, nothing further is to be asked: but if the husband does not allow the marriage to be contracted otherwise than by money being given as dowry, then it is the duty of the curator to approach the same judge who appointed him, so that, having investigated the case, the judge may again permit him, even in the absence of the husband, to establish the dowry after the sale of the things has been carried out.

Notes

  1. §23.3.61.prinfirmare — In the phrase 'utilius est dicere id quod superfluum est tantummodo infirmare', the active infinitive 'infirmare' is understood in a passive sense ('to be invalidated'). While some manuscripts read the passive infinitive 'infirmari', the active is here used either intransitively ('to lose force') or to represent the same passive sense.
  2. §23.3.61.1non etiam ut uendat — While 'debet' normally governs an infinitive (here 'tradere'), the subsequent negative part transitions into a clause introduced by 'ut' with the subjunctive ('non etiam ut uendat'). This is an irregular construction where the restriction on the curator's duty is expressed via a result or purpose clause.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §23.3.61.pr-23.3.61.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:23.3.61.pr-23.3.61.1

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