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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §23.3.57.pr

Interpretation of a Son's Debt Promised as Dowry

Passage 3431 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Iauolenus discusses the interpretation of a dowry promise made by a woman marrying a filius familias to her father-in-law, clarifying whether it refers to the son's full debt or the father's liability limited to the peculium and enrichment.

[IAUOLENUS libro primo ex Plautio. ] §23.3.57.prNuptura filio familias si socero dotem ita promiserit: 'quod filius tuus mihi debet, id doti tibi erit', interesse puto, utrum filii obligatio an patris persecutio et in rem uersum promissioni contineatur.
[IAUOLENUS in the first book on Plautius.] If a woman about to marry a filius familias has promised a dowry to her father-in-law in this way: 'What your son owes me shall be as a dowry to you,' I think it matters whether the obligation of the son or the pursuit against the father with respect to the peculium and what has been turned to his benefit is contained in the promise.
nam si id quod filium dare oportet significatum est, tota pecunia, in quam filius obligatus est, promissioni dotis continebitur: sin autem id, quod patrem de peculio uel in rem uerso praestare oportebit, aestimare debebit quantum sit eo tempore id quod promittitur, ut ea summa dotis esse uideatur, qua patrem eo tempore filii nomine condemnari oportebit.
For if that which the son ought to give is meant, the whole sum of money in which the son is obligated will be contained in the promise of the dowry; but if, on the other hand, that which the father will have to perform from the peculium or to the extent of what has been turned to his benefit is meant, one will have to estimate how much that which is promised is at that time, so that that sum may be deemed to be the dowry which the father ought at that time to be condemned to pay on behalf of the son.
quod si non euidenter apparuit, de cuius mulier obligatione sensit, praesumptionem ad filii debitum spectare uerisimile est, nisi euidentissime contrarium adprobetur.
But if it has not clearly appeared whose obligation the woman had in mind, it is likely that the presumption looks to the debt of the son, unless the contrary is most clearly proved.

Notes

  1. §23.3.57.prpatris persecutio et in rem uersum — The phrase 'patris persecutio' refers to the legal pursuit against the father. 'in rem uersum' is the accusative form corresponding to the 'in rem uerso' (enrichment) of the 'actio de in rem verso', here coordinated with 'persecutio' to mean 'the pursuit for what was turned to the father's benefit.' The entire expression refers to the father's liability limited to the peculium or his enrichment.
  2. §23.3.57.praestimare debebit — The subject of 'debebit' is not explicitly expressed; it can be translated impersonally ('one will have to estimate') or by supplying 'the judge' (iudex) or the parties as the subject. It naturally refers to the duty of the judge who assesses the amount of the dowry.
  3. §23.3.57.prqua — Feminine singular ablative of the relative pronoun referring to the antecedent 'ea summa'. This ablative functions as an ablative of price or amount governed by the passive verb 'condemnari' (to be condemned to pay a certain sum).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §23.3.57.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:23.3.57.pr

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