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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §22.2.4.pr-22.2.4.1

Lawful Interest Limits in Bottomry and Compensation by Slave Services

Passage 3213 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Papinianus explains that interest exceeding the lawful rate is not permitted in bottomry loans regardless of the presence of creditor risk, and discusses how the deficiency of lawful interest after the period of risk can be supplemented by a separate stipulation for the services of a slave.

[PAPINIANUS libro tertio responsorum. ] §22.2.4.prNihil interest, traiecticia pecunia sine periculo creditoris accepta sit an post diem praestitutum et condicionem impletam periculum esse creditoris desierit.
[PAPINIANUS, in the third book of Responses.] It makes no difference whether maritime money was accepted without risk to the creditor, or whether the risk ceased to belong to the creditor after the appointed day and the fulfillment of the condition.
utrubique igitur maius legitima usura faenus non debebitur, sed in priore quidem specie semper, in altera uero discusso periculo: nec pignora uel hypothecae titulo maioris usurae tenebuntur.
In both cases, therefore, interest exceeding the lawful rate will not be owed, but in the former case indeed always, while in the latter case after the risk has ceased; nor will pledges or mortgages be held under the title of higher interest.
§22.2.4.1Pro operis serui traiecticiae pecuniae gratia secuti quod in singulos dies in stipulatum deductum est, ad finem centesimae non ultra duplum debetur.
With regard to the services of a slave who accompanied the voyage for the sake of the maritime money, whatever was brought into the stipulation on a daily basis is owed up to the limit of one percent, but not exceeding double the amount.
in stipulatione faenoris post diem periculi separatim interposita quod in ea legitimae usurae deerit, per alteram stipulationem operarum supplebitur.
In a stipulation for interest separately entered into after the day of risk, whatever is lacking in it of lawful interest will be supplied by another stipulation of services.

Notes

  1. §22.2.4.prnihil interest, traiecticia pecunia ... accepta sit an ... desierit — An indirect alternative question introduced by the impersonal verb "interest", using "an ... an ..." instead of "utrum ... an ...". Furthermore, "periculum esse creditoris desierit" features the infinitive clause "periculum esse creditoris" (risk being the creditor's) acting as the complement of "desierit", where "creditoris" is a possessive genitive.
  2. §22.2.4.prmaius legitima usura faenus — "legitima usura" is an ablative of comparison following the comparative adjective "maius" (neuter singular, modifying "faenus"), meaning "interest greater than the lawful rate."
  3. §22.2.4.1operis serui traiecticiae pecuniae gratia secuti — "secuti" is the perfect participle (genitive singular masculine) of the deponent verb "sequor", modifying "serui". "traiecticiae pecuniae gratia" is an adverbial expression where the postposition "gratia" governs the genitive, meaning "for the sake of the maritime money," describing the purpose of the participle "secuti."
  4. §22.2.4.1quod in ea legitimae usurae deerit — "legitimae usurae" is a dative governed by "deerit" (future tense of "deest"), indicating that which is lacking, meaning "what will be lacking to the lawful interest."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §22.2.4.pr-22.2.4.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:22.2.4.pr-22.2.4.1

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