[PAULUS libro sexto ad Plautium. ] §22.1.38.prUideamus generali, quando in actione quae est in personam etiam fructus ueniant.
[PAULUS, in his sixth book on Plautius.] Let us consider in a general way when fruits are also included in a personal action.
§22.1.38.1Et quidem si fundus ob rem datus sit, ueluti dotis causa, et renuntiata adfinitas, fructus quoque restituendi sunt, utique hi qui percepti sunt eo tempore quo sperabatur adfinitas, sed et posteriores, si in re mora fuit, ut ab illo, qui reddere debeat, omnimodo restituendi sunt.
And indeed, if a tract of land has been given for a certain purpose, as for instance by way of dowry, and the marriage agreement has been broken off, the fruits also must be restored—certainly those which were gathered during the time when the marriage was expected, but also subsequent ones, if there has been default in the matter, so that they must be restored in any event by the person who ought to return them.
sed et si per mulierem stetit, quo minus nuptiae contrahantur, magis est, ut debeat fructus recipere: ratio autem haec est, quod, si sponsus non conueniebatur restituere fructus, licuerat ei neglegere fundum.
But even if it was due to the woman that the marriage was not contracted, the better opinion is that she ought to receive the fruits; and the reason is this, that if the betrothed man were not sued to restore the fruits, he would have been at liberty to neglect the land.
§22.1.38.2Item si indebitum fundum solui et repeto, fructus quoque repetere debeo.
Likewise, if I have paid a tract of land which was not due and I claim it back, I ought to claim the fruits also.
§22.1.38.3Idemque est, si mortis causa fundus sit donatus et reualuerit qui donauit atque ita condictio nascatur.
The same rule applies if a tract of land was donated in contemplation of death, and the donor recovered, so that an action for recovery of undue payment arises.
§22.1.38.4In Fabiana quoque actione et Pauliana, per quam quae in fraudem creditorum alienata sunt reuocantur, fructus quoque restituuntur: nam praetor id agit, ut perinde sint omnia, atque si nihil alienatum esset: quod non est iniquum (nam et uerbum 'restituas', quod in hac re praetor dixit, plenam habet significationem), ut fructus quoque restituantur.
In the Fabiana action and also the Pauliana, by which transactions alienated in fraud of creditors are revoked, the fruits are also restored; for the praetor aims to put everything back in the same state as if nothing had been alienated, which is not unjust (for indeed the word "restituas" which the praetor used in this matter has a full meaning), so that the fruits also are restored.
§22.1.38.5Et ideo cum restitui praetor uult, ueluti in interdicto unde ui, etiam fructus sunt restituendi.
And therefore, when the praetor wishes restoration to be made, as for example in the interdict "unde ui", the fruits also must be restored.
§22.1.38.6Item si ui metusue causa rem tradam, non aliter mihi restituisse uidetur, quam si fructus mihi restituat: nec mora mea mihi aliquid aufert.
Likewise, if I deliver a thing by reason of force or fear, it is not considered to have been restored to me unless he restores the fruits to me; nor does my own delay deprive me of anything.
§22.1.38.7Si actionem habeam ad id consequendum quod meum non fuit, ueluti ex stipulatu, fructus non consequar, etiamsi mora facta sit: quod si acceptum est iudicium, tunc Sabinus et Cassius ex aequitate fructus quoque post acceptum iudicium praestandos putant, ut causa restituatur, quod puto recte dici.
If I bring an action to obtain what was not mine, as for instance on a stipulation, I shall not obtain the fruits, even if default has been made; but if the joinder of issue has taken place, then Sabinus and Cassius think on grounds of equity that the fruits also after the joinder of issue ought to be provided, so that the case may be restored to its original state, which I think is correctly said.
§22.1.38.8Ex causa etiam emptionis fructus restituendi sunt.
Fruits must also be restored arising from a contract of sale.
§22.1.38.9Sed in societatibus fructus communicandi sunt.
But in partnerships, the fruits must be shared.
§22.1.38.10Si possessionem naturalem reuocem, proprietas mea manet, uideamus de fructibus.
If I recover natural possession, my ownership remains; let us see about the fruits.
et quidem in deposito et commodato fructus quoque praestandi sunt, sicut diximus.
And indeed in deposit and loan for use, the fruits also must be provided, as we have said.
§22.1.38.11In interdicto quoque quod ui aut clam magis est, ut omnis causa et fructus restituantur.
In the interdict "quod ui aut clam" also, the better opinion is that the whole case and the fruits should be restored.
§22.1.38.12Ante matrimonium quoque fructus percepti dotis fiunt et cum ea restituuntur.
Even before marriage, fruits gathered become part of the dowry and are restored with it.
§22.1.38.13Eadem ratio est in fructibus praediorum urbanorum.
The same rule applies to the fruits of urban estates.
§22.1.38.14Item si diuidere fundum tecum uelim, tu nolis et colam, an fructus diuidi debeant post deductionem impensarum? et puto diuidendos.
Likewise, if I wish to divide a tract of land with you, and you are unwilling, and I cultivate it, should the fruits be divided after deduction of expenses? And I think they ought to be divided.
§22.1.38.15In ceteris quoque bonae fidei iudiciis fructus omnimodo praestantur.
In all other actions of good faith, fruits are provided in any event.
§22.1.38.16Si dos praelegata fuerit, ante nuptias percepti fructus in causa legati ueniunt.
If a dowry has been pre-legated, the fruits gathered before the marriage are included in the legacy.