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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §22.1.1.pr-22.1.1.3

Interest in Good-Faith Actions and Restitution of Guardianship

Passage 3161 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section discusses the criteria for determining interest in good-faith actions, the obligation of a partner to pay interest for misappropriated funds, the restriction on ordering security for future interest after judgment, and the rules regarding interest in the restitution of guardianship for the ward's protection.

[PAPINIANUS libro secundo quaestionum. ] §22.1.1.prCum iudicio bonae fidei disceptatur, arbitrio iudicis usurarum modus ex more regionis ubi contractum est constituitur, ita tamen, ut legi non offendat.
[PAPINIANUS, Questions, Book 2] When a dispute is conducted under a good-faith action, the rate of interest is determined by the discretion of the judge in accordance with the custom of the region where the contract was made, provided, however, that it does not conflict with the law.
§22.1.1.1Socius si ideo condemnandus erit, quod pecuniam communem inuaserit uel in suos usus conuerterit, omnimodo etiam mora non interueniente praestabuntur usurae.
If a partner is to be condemned because he has misappropriated common money or converted it to his own use, interest must be paid in any event, even if no default has occurred.
§22.1.1.2Nec tamen iudex iudicii bonae fidei recte iubebit interponi cautiones, ut, si tardius sententiae condemnatus paruerit, futuri temporis pendantur usurae, cum in potestate sit actoris iudicatum exigere.
Nevertheless, a judge in a good-faith action will not rightly order security to be given so that, if the condemned party is slower to comply with the judgment, interest for future time should be paid, since it is within the power of the plaintiff to enforce the judgment.
PAULUS notat: quid enim pertinet ad officium iudicis post condemnationem futuri temporis tractatus?
PAULUS notes: for how does the treatment of future time after condemnation pertain to the duty of a judge?
§22.1.1.3PAPINIANUS. Circa tutelae restitutionem pro fauore pupillorum latior interpretatio facta est: nemo enim ambigit hodie, siue iudex accipiatur, in diem sententiae, siue sine iudice tutela restituatur, in eum diem quo restituit usuras praestari.
PAPINIANUS. Regarding the restitution of guardianship, a broader interpretation has been made in favor of wards: for no one doubts today that interest is to be paid up to the day of the judgment if a judge is appointed, or up to the day on which he makes restitution if the guardianship is restored without a judge.
plane si tutelae iudicio nolentem experiri tutor ultro conuenerit et pecuniam optulerit eamque obsignatam deposuerit, ex eo tempore non praestabit usuras.
Clearly, if the guardian of his own accord approaches the ward who is unwilling to try the matter by a guardianship action, offers the money, and deposits it sealed, he will not pay interest from that time.

Notes

  1. §22.1.1.prita tamen, ut legi non offendat — A restrictive ut-clause (ita ut + subjunctive), meaning "provided, however, that..." or "on condition that...". The verb offendat is used intransitively with the dative legi, meaning "to conflict with the law."
  2. §22.1.1.1mora non interueniente — An ablative absolute construction (mora + present participle interueniente). Combined with etiam, it carries a concessive nuance: "even when default has not intervened."
  3. §22.1.1.2iudicatum exigere — An infinitive phrase functioning as the subject of "in potestate sit." "iudicatum" (what has been judged) is used substantively as a neuter singular noun, acting as the object of "exigere" (to demand, enforce), meaning "to enforce the judgment."
  4. §22.1.1.3nemo enim ambigit hodie ... usuras praestari — The verb "ambigit" (doubts) introduces an accusative and infinitive (A.C.I.) construction consisting of the subject accusative "usuras" and the passive infinitive "praestari," meaning "no one doubts that interest is to be paid." The inserted "siue... siue..." clauses specify the end dates (in diem sententiae / in eum diem...) for each scenario.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §22.1.1.pr-22.1.1.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:22.1.1.pr-22.1.1.3

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