[SCAEUOLA libro secundo quaestionum. ] §21.2.69.prQui libertatis causam excepit in uenditione, siue iam tunc cum traderetur liber homo fuerit, siue condicione quae testamento proposita fuerit impleta ad libertatem peruenerit, non tenebitur euictionis nomine.
[SCAEVOLA, Book 2 of Questions.] He who has excepted the case of freedom in a sale, whether at the very time of delivery the person was already a free man, or attained freedom upon the fulfillment of a condition proposed in a testament, will not be liable on the ground of eviction.
§21.2.69.1Qui autem in tradendo statuliberum dicit, intellegetur hanc speciem dumtaxat libertatis excipere, quae ex testamento impleta condicione ex praeterito possit optingere: et ideo si praesens testamento libertas data fuerit et uenditor statuliberum pronuntiauit, euictionis nomine tenetur.
But he who in delivering says that a person is a statuliber, will be understood to except only that species of freedom which, upon the fulfillment of a condition under a testament, can arise from the past: and therefore, if freedom was given immediately by the testament and the seller declared him to be a statuliber, he is liable on the ground of eviction.
§21.2.69.2Rursus qui statuliberum tradit, si certam condicionem pronuntiauerit, sub qua dicit ei libertatem datam, deteriorem condicionem suam fecisse existimabitur, quia non omnem causam statutae libertatis, sed eam dumtaxat quam pronuntiauerit excepisse uidebitur: ueluti si quis hominem dixerit decem dare iussum isque annum ad libertatem peruenerit, quia hoc modo libertas data fuerit: 'Stichus post annum liber esto', euictionis obligatione tenebitur.
On the other hand, he who delivers a statuliber, if he has declared a certain condition under which he says freedom was given to him, will be deemed to have made his own position worse, because he will be seen to have excepted not every cause of established freedom, but only that which he declared: for example, if anyone said that a man was ordered to pay ten, and he attained freedom after a year because freedom had been given in this manner: "Let Stichus be free after a year," the seller will be bound by the obligation of eviction.
§21.2.69.3Quid ergo, qui iussum decem dare pronuntiat uiginti dare debere, nonne in condicionem mentitur? uerum est hunc quoque in condicionem mentiri et ideo quidam existimauerunt hoc quoque casu euictionis stipulationem contrahi: sed auctoritas Seruii praeualuit existimantis hoc casu ex empto actionem esse, uidelicet quia putabat eum, qui pronuntiasset seruum uiginti dare iussum, condicionem excepisse, quae esset in dando.
What then? Does not he who declares that one ordered to pay ten is obliged to pay twenty lie as to the condition? It is true that this man also lies as to the condition, and therefore some have thought that in this case also the stipulation of eviction is contracted; but the authority of Servius prevailed, who was of the opinion that in this case there is an action on purchase, clearly because he thought that he who declared that a slave was ordered to pay twenty had excepted the condition which consisted in giving.
§21.2.69.4Seruus rationibus redditis liber esse iussus est: hunc heres tradidit et dixit centum dare iussum.
A slave was ordered to be free upon rendering his accounts: an heir delivered him and said he was ordered to pay a hundred.
si nulla reliqua sunt quae seruus dare debeat et per hoc adita hereditate liber factus est, obligatio euictionis contrahitur, eo quod liber homo tamquam statuliber traditur.
If there are no arrears which the slave ought to pay, and because of this he became free upon the acceptance of the inheritance, the obligation of eviction is contracted, on the ground that a free man is delivered as a statuliber.
si centum in reliquis habet, potest uideri heres non esse mentitus, quoniam rationes reddere iussus intellegitur summam pecuniae quae ex reliquis colligitur iussus dare: cui consequens est, ut, si minus quam centum in reliquis habuerit, ueluti sola quinquaginta, ut, cum eam pecuniam dederit, ad libertatem peruenerit, de reliquis quinquaginta actio ex empto competat.
If he has a hundred in arrears, the heir may be seen not to have lied, since he who is ordered to render accounts is understood to be ordered to pay the sum of money which is collected from the arrears: from which it follows that, if he had less than a hundred in arrears, for example only fifty, so that when he gave that money he attained freedom, an action on purchase is competent for the remaining fifty.
§21.2.69.5Sed et si quis in uenditione statuliberum perfusorie dixerit, condicionem autem libertatis celauerit, empti iudicio tenebitur, si id nescierit emptor: hic enim exprimitur eum, qui dixerit statuliberum et nullam condicionem pronuntiauerit, euictionis quidem nomine non teneri, si condicione impleta seruus ad libertatem peruenerit, sed empti iudicio teneri, si modo condicionem, quam sciebat praepositam esse, celauit: sicuti qui fundum tradit et, cum sciat certam seruitutem deberi, perfusorie dixerit: 'itinera actus quibus sunt utique sunt, recte recipitur', euictionis quidem nomine se liberat, sed quia decepit emptorem, empti iudicio tenetur.
But also if anyone in a sale has said in a cursory manner that a person is a statuliber, but has concealed the condition of freedom, he will be liable under the action on purchase, if the buyer did not know it: for here it is expressed that he who said "statuliber" and declared no condition, is indeed not liable on the ground of eviction if, upon the fulfillment of the condition, the slave attains freedom, but is liable under the action on purchase, provided he concealed the condition which he knew had been imposed: just as he who delivers land and, though he knows that a certain servitude is owed, says in a cursory manner: "rights of way and passage, whichever exist, shall remain," is correctly accepted, and he frees himself indeed from liability on the ground of eviction, but because he deceived the buyer, he is liable under the action on purchase.
§21.2.69.6In fundo uendito cum modus pronuntiatus deest, sumitur portio ex pretio, quod totum colligendum est ex omnibus iugeribus dictis.
In the sale of land, when the declared measurement is lacking, a portion is deducted from the price, which total price is to be gathered from all the jugera declared.