[IDEM libro secundo ad edictum aedilium curulium. ] §21.1.38.prAediles aiunt: 'Qui iumenta uendunt, palam recte dicunto, quid in quoque eorum morbi uitiique sit, utique optime ornata uendendi causa fuerint, ita emptoribus tradentur.
[THE SAME in the second book on the Edict of the Curule Aediles.] The aediles say: 'Those who sell beasts of burden shall publicly and correctly declare what disease and defect there is in each of them, and in whatever way they were best adorned for the purpose of selling, so they shall be delivered to the buyers.
si quid ita factum non erit, de ornamentis restituendis iumentisue ornamentorum nomine redhibendis in diebus sexaginta, morbi autem uitiiue causa inemptis faciendis in sex mensibus, uel quo minoris cum uenirent fuerint, in anno iudicium dabimus.
If any of these things is not done, we shall grant an action for returning the ornaments or for rescinding the sale of the beasts of burden on account of the ornaments within sixty days; but on account of disease or defect, for rescinding the sale within six months, or for the amount by which they were worth less when they were sold, within a year.
si iumenta paria simul uenierint et alterum in ea causa fuerit, ut redhiberi debeat, iudicium dabimus, quo utrumque redhibeatur'. §21.1.38.1Loquuntur aediles in hoc edicto de iumentis redhibendis.
If a pair of beasts of burden is sold together, and one of them is in such a condition that it ought to be returned, we shall grant an action by which both may be returned.' The aediles speak in this edict about rescinding the sale of beasts of burden.
§21.1.38.2Causa autem huius edicti eadem est, quae mancipiorum redhibendorum.
Now, the reason for this edict is the same as that for rescinding the sale of slaves.
§21.1.38.3Et fere eadem sunt in his, quae in mancipiis, quod ad morbum uitiumue attinet: quidquid igitur hic diximus, huc erit transferendum.
And almost the same rules apply to these as to slaves, as far as disease or defect is concerned; therefore, whatever we have said there must be transferred here.
et si mortuum fuerit iumentum, pari modo redhiberi poterit, quemadmodum mancipium potest.
And if a beast of burden dies, the sale can be rescinded in the same manner as that of a slave.
§21.1.38.4Iumentorum autem appellatione an omne pecus contineatur, uideamus.
But let us see whether every animal is included under the term 'beasts of burden'.
et difficile est, ut contineatur: nam aliud significant iumenta, aliud significatur pecoris appellatione.
And it is difficult for them to be included, for 'beasts of burden' mean one thing, and another thing is meant by the term 'animal'.
§21.1.38.5Idcirco elogium huic edicto subiectum est, cuius uerba haec sunt: 'quae de iumentorum sanitate diximus, de cetero quoque pecore omni uenditores faciunto'. §21.1.38.6Unde dubitari desiit, an hoc edicto boues quoque contineantur: etenim iumentorum appellatione non contineri eos uerius est, sed pecoris appellatione continebuntur.
For this reason, a schedule is appended to this edict, the words of which are as follows: 'What we have said concerning the health of beasts of burden, sellers shall do also concerning all other animals.' Hence doubt has ceased as to whether oxen also are included in this edict; for indeed it is truer that they are not included under the term 'beasts of burden', but they will be included under the term 'animal'.
§21.1.38.7Sed enim sunt quaedam, quae in hominibus quidem morbum faciunt, in iumentis non adeo: ut puta si mulus castratus est, neque morbi neque uitii quid habere uidetur, quia neque de fortitudine quid eius detrabitur neque de utilitate, cum ad generandum numquam sit habilis.
But indeed there are some things which cause disease in humans, but not so much in beasts of burden; as for instance, if a mule is castrated, it seems to have nothing of disease or defect, because nothing is detracted from its strength or from its usefulness, since it is never fit for breeding.
Caelius quoque scribit non omnia animalia castrata ob id ipsum uitiosa esse, nisi propter ipsam castrationem facta sunt inbecilliora: et ideo mulum non esse uitiosum.
Caelius also writes that not all castrated animals are defective for that very reason, unless they have been made weaker because of the castration itself; and therefore a mule is not defective.
idem refert Ofilium existimasse equum castratum sanum esse, sicuti spado quoque sanus est, sed si emptor ignorauit, uenditor scit, ex empto esse actionem: et uerum est quod Ofilus.
The same writer reports that Ofilius thought a castrated horse is sound, just as a castrated man is also sound, but if the buyer was ignorant and the seller knew, there is an action on the purchase; and what Ofilius said is true.
§21.1.38.8Quaesitum est, si mula talis sit, ut transiungi non possit, an sana sit.
It has been asked whether, if a female mule is such that she cannot be yoked on either side, she is sound.
et ait Pomponius sanam esse: plerasque denique carrucharias tales esse, ut non possint transiungi.
And Pomponius says she is sound; indeed, most carriage mules are such that they cannot be yoked on either side.
§21.1.38.9Idem ait, si nata sit eo ingenio aut corpore, ut alterum iugum non patiatur, sanam non esse.
The same writer says that if she is born with such a disposition or body that she does not tolerate another yoke-mate, she is not sound.
§21.1.38.10Non tantum autem ob morbum uitiumue redhibitio locum habebit in iumentis, uerum etiam si contra dictum promissumue, erit locus redhibitioni exemplo mancipiorum.
Moreover, rescission of the sale will have place in the case of beasts of burden not only on account of disease or defect, but also if anything is contrary to what was stated or promised, there will be room for rescission following the example of slaves.
§21.1.38.11Uendendi autem causa ornatum iumentum uideri Caelius ait non, si sub tempus uenditionis, hoc est biduo ante uenditionem ornatum sit, sed si in ipsa uenditione ornatum sit, aut ideo, inquit, uenale cum esset sic ornatum inspiceretur: semperque cum de ornamentis agitur, et in actione et in edicto adiectum est: 'uendendi causa ornata ducta esse': poterit enim iumentum ornatum itineris causa duci, deinde uenire.
But Caelius says that a beast of burden is not considered to have been adorned for the purpose of selling if it was adorned near the time of sale, that is, two days before the sale, but if it was adorned at the sale itself, or, he says, was inspected so adorned because it was for sale; and always when ornaments are concerned, it is added both in the action and in the edict: 'that they were led adorned for the purpose of selling'; for a beast of burden can be led adorned for the sake of a journey, and then sold.
§21.1.38.12Si plura iumenta uenierint, non omnia erunt redhibenda propter unius ornamentum: nam et si uitiosum sit unum iugum, non tamen propter hoc cetera iuga redhibebuntur.
If several beasts of burden are sold, not all of them will have to be returned on account of the ornament of one; for even if one pair is defective, the other pairs will not on this account be returned.
§21.1.38.13Si forte iugum mularum sit, quarum altera uitiosa est, non ex pretio tantum uitiosae, sed ex utriusque erit componendum, quanti minoris sit: cum enim uno pretio utraeque uenierint, non est separandum pretium, sed quanto minoris cum ueniret utrumque fuit, non alterum quod erat uitiosum.
If by chance there is a yoke of female mules, one of which is defective, the calculation of how much less they are worth must be made not from the price of the defective one alone, but from the price of both; for since both were sold for a single price, the price must not be separated, but according to how much less both were worth when sold, not just the one which was defective.
§21.1.38.14Cum autem iumenta paria ueneunt, edicto expressum est, ut, cum alterum in ea causa sit, ut redhiberi debeat, utrumque redhibeatur: in qua re tam emptori quam uenditori consulitur, dum iumenta non separantur.
But when pairs of beasts of burden are sold, it is expressed in the edict that when one of them is in such a condition that it ought to be returned, both shall be returned; in which matter both the buyer and the seller are cared for, as long as the beasts of burden are not separated.
simili modo et si triga uenierit, redhibenda erit tota, et si quadriga, redhibeatur.
In like manner, if a three-horse team is sold, the whole must be returned, and if a four-horse team, it shall be returned.
sed si duo paria mularum sint et una mula uitiosa sit uel par, solum par redhibebitur, alterum non: si tamen nondum sint paria constituta, sed simpliciter quattuor mulae uno pretio uenerint, unius erit mulae redhibitio, non omnium: nam et si polia uenierit, dicemus unum equum qui uitiosus est, non omnem poliam redhiberi oportere.
But if there are two pairs of female mules and one female mule or pair is defective, only that pair shall be returned, and the other not; if, however, they are not yet established as pairs, but simply four female mules are sold for a single price, there shall be rescission of only one female mule, not of all; for even if a team of horses is sold, we shall say that only the one horse which is defective ought to be returned, not the whole team.
haec et in hominibus dicemus pluribus uno pretio distractis, nisi si separari non possint, ut puta si tragoedi uel mimi
These rules we shall apply also to several slaves sold for a single price, unless they cannot be separated, as for instance, if they are tragedians or mime actors...