[ULPIANUS libro primo ad edictum aedilium curulium. ] §21.1.1.prLabeo scribit edictum aedilium curulium de uenditionibus rerum esse tam earum quae soli sint quam earum quae mobiles aut se mouentes.
[ULPIAN with the first book on the Edict of the Curule Aediles.] Labeo writes that the edict of the curule aediles concerning the sale of things applies as well to those things which belong to the soil as to those which are movable or move themselves.
§21.1.1.1Aiunt aediles: 'Qui mancipia uendunt certiores faciant emptores, quid morbi uitiiue cuique sit, quis fugitiuus erroue sit noxaue solutus non sit: eademque omnia, cum ea mancipia uenibunt, palam recte pronuntianto.
The aediles say: 'Those who sell slaves shall make the buyers aware of what disease or defect each has, who is a runaway or a vagrant, or who is not free from liability for damage; and they shall openly and correctly declare all these same things when those slaves are sold.
quodsi mancipium aduersus ea uenisset, siue aduersus quod dictum promissumue fuerit cum ueniret, fuisset, quod eius praestari oportere dicetur: emptori omnibusque ad quos ea res pertinet iudicium dabimus, ut id mancipium redhibeatur.
But if a slave should be sold contrary to these rules, or if he should have been contrary to what was said or promised when he was being sold, in respect of which it is said that it ought to be guaranteed, we will grant an action to the buyer and to all to whom that matter pertains, so that the slave may be returned.
si quid autem post uenditionem traditionemque deterius emptoris opera familiae procuratorisue eius factum erit, siue quid ex eo post uenditionem natum adquisitum fuerit, et si quid aliud in uenditione ei accesserit, siue quid ex ea fructus peruenerit ad emptorem, ut ea omnia restituat.
If, however, after the sale and delivery, anything shall have been made worse by the act of the buyer, his household, or his agent, or if anything has been born or acquired from him after the sale, and if any other accessory went with him in the sale, or if any fruit from him has come to the buyer, he must restore all these things.
item si quas accessiones ipse praestiterit, ut recipiat.
Likewise, if he himself has provided any accessions, he shall receive them back.
item si quod mancipium capitalem fraudem admiserit, mortis consciscendae sibi causa quid fecerit, inue harenam depugnandi causa ad bestias intromissus fuerit, ea omnia in uenditione pronuntianto: ex his enim causis iudicium dabimus.
Likewise, if any slave has committed a capital crime, has done anything to bring about his own death, or has been sent into the arena to fight with beasts, they shall declare all these things in the sale; for we will grant an action on these grounds.
hoc amplius si quis aduersus ea sciens dolo malo uendidisse dicetur, iudicium dabimus'. §21.1.1.2Causa huius edicti proponendi est, ut occurratur laciis uendentium et emptoribus succurratur, quicumque decepti a uenditoribus fuerint: dummodo sciamus uenditorem, etiamsi ignorauit ea quae aediles praestari iubent, tamen teneri debere: nec est hoc iniquum: potuit enim ea nota habere uenditor: neque enim interest emptoris, cur fallatur, ignorantia uenditoris an calliditate.
Furthermore, if anyone shall be said to have sold a slave knowingly and with malicious intent contrary to these rules, we will grant an action.' The reason for publishing this edict is to counteract the deceits of sellers and to succour buyers, whoever have been deceived by sellers; provided we understand that the seller, even if he was ignorant of those things which the aediles command to be guaranteed, is nevertheless bound to be liable; and this is not unfair, for the seller could have had those things known to him; for it does not matter to the buyer why he is deceived, whether by the ignorance of the seller or by his cunning.
§21.1.1.3Illud sciendum est edictum hoc non pertinere ad uenditiones fiscales.
It must be known that this edict does not apply to sales by the treasury.
§21.1.1.4Si tamen res publica aliqua faciat uenditionem, edictum hoc locum habebit.
If, however, some municipality should make a sale, this edict will apply.
§21.1.1.5In pupillaribus quoque uenditionibus erit edicto locus.
In sales on behalf of wards also, there will be room for the edict.
§21.1.1.6Si intellegatur uitium morbusue mancipii (ut plerumque signis quibusdam solent demonstrare uitia), potest dici edictum cessare: hoc enim tantum intuendum est, ne emptor decipiatur.
If the defect or disease of the slave is apparent (as they are usually accustomed to point out defects by certain signs), it can be said that the edict does not apply; for this is all that is to be looked to, that the buyer be not deceived.
§21.1.1.7Sed sciendum est morbum apud Sabinum sic definitum esse habitum cuiusque corporis contra naturam, qui usus eius ad id facit deteriorem, cuius causa natura nobis eius corporis sanitatem dedit: id autem alias in toto corpore, alias in parte accidere (namque totius corporis morbus est puta φθίσις febris, partis ueluti caecitas, licet homo itaque natus sit): uitiumque a morbo multum differre, ut puta si quis balbus sit, nam hunc uitiosum magis esse quam morbosum.
But it must be known that disease is defined by Sabinus as a condition of any body contrary to nature, which makes its use worse for that purpose for which nature gave us health of that body; and that this happens sometimes in the whole body, sometimes in a part (for a disease of the whole body is, for example, consumption or fever; of a part, such as blindness, even if a person was born so); and that a defect differs much from a disease, as for example if anyone is a stammerer, for such a person is defective rather than diseased.
ego puto aediles tollendae dubitationis gratia bis κατὰ τοῦ σὺτοῦ idem dixisse, ne qua dubitatio superesset.
I think that the aediles, for the sake of removing doubt, said the same thing twice on the same subject, so that no doubt should remain.
§21.1.1.8Proinde si quid tale fuerit uitii siue morbi, quod usum ministeriumque hominis impediat, id dabit redhibitioni locum, dummodo meminerimus non utique quodlibet quam leuissimum efficere, ut morbosus uitiosusue habeatur.
Therefore, if there should be any such defect or disease as to impede the use and service of the slave, it will give rise to redhibition, provided we remember that not just any very slight thing causes him to be considered diseased or defective.
proinde leuis febricula aut uetus quartana quae tamen iam sperni potest uel uulnusculum modicum nullum habet in se delictum, quasi pronuntiatum non sit: contemni enim haec potuerunt.
Therefore, a slight fever, or an old quartan fever which, however, can now be disregarded, or a minor wound, involves no fault in itself, as if it had not been declared; for these things could be disregarded.
exempli itaque gratia referamus, qui morbosi uitiosique sunt.
Therefore, let us relate by way of example who are diseased and defective.
§21.1.1.9Apud Uiuianum quaeritur, si seruus inter fanaticos non semper caput iactaret et aliqua profatus esset, an nihilo minus sanus uideretur.
In Vivianus it is asked: if a slave, among fanatics, should not always shake his head and had uttered some prophecies, whether he is nevertheless to be seen as healthy.
et ait Uiuianus nihilo minus hunc sanum esse: neque enim nos, inquit, minus animi uitiis aliquos sanos esse intellegere debere: alioquin, inquit, futurum, ut in infinito hac ratione multos sanos esse negaremus, ut puta leuem superstitiosum iracundum contumacem et si qua similia sunt animi uitia: magis enim de corporis sanitate, quam de animi uitiis pro||mitti.
And Vivianus says that he is nevertheless healthy; for he says that we ought not to understand that some are less healthy on account of mental defects; otherwise, he says, it would happen that we would deny that many are healthy on this reasoning to an infinite degree, as for example a fickle, superstitious, passionate, or stubborn person, and whatever similar mental defects there are; for the guarantee is given rather concerning the health of the body than concerning defects of the mind.
interdum tamen, inquit, uitium corporale usque ad animum peruenire et eum uitiare: ueluti contingeret φρενητικῷ, quia id ei ex febribus acciderit.
Sometimes, however, he says, a bodily defect reaches as far as the mind and corrupts it: as would happen to a madman, because that happened to him as a result of fevers.
quid ergo est? si quid sit animi uitium tale, ut id a uenditore excipi oporteret neque id uenditor cum sciret pronuntiasset, ex empto eum teneri.
What then is the case? If there should be any such mental defect that it ought to be excepted by the seller, and the seller, although he knew it, did not declare it, he is liable under the action on purchase.
§21.1.1.10Idem Uiuianus ait, quamuis aliquando quis circa fana bacchatus sit et responsa reddiderit, tamen, si nunc hoc non faciat, nullum uitium esse: neque eo nomine, quod aliquando id fecit, actio est, sicuti si aliquando febrem habuit: ceterum si nihilo minus permaneret in eo uitio, ut circa fana bacchari soleret et quasi demens responsa daret, etiamsi per luxuriam id factum est, uitium tamen esse, sed uitium animi, non corporis, ideoque redhiberi non posse, quoniam aediles de corporalibus uitiis loquuntur: attamen ex empto actionem admittit.
The same Vivianus says: although someone at some time raved around temples and gave oracles, nevertheless, if he does not do this now, there is no defect; nor is there an action on the ground that he once did so, just as if he once had a fever; but if he nevertheless should persist in that defect, so that he was accustomed to rave around temples and give oracles as if insane, even if this was done through excess, it is nevertheless a defect, but a defect of the mind, not of the body, and therefore he cannot be returned, since the aediles speak of bodily defects; nevertheless he admits the action on purchase.
§21.1.1.11Idem dicit etiam in his, qui praeter modum timidi cupidi auarique sunt aut iracundi
The same writer says also in the case of those who are excessively fearful, covetous, and avaricious, or passionate...