[MARCIANUS libro singulari ad formulam hypothecariam. ] §20.1.13.prGrege pignori obligato quae postea nascuntur tenentur: sed et si prioribus capitibus decedentibus totus grex fuerit renouatus, pignori tenebitur.
[MARCIANUS, in his single book on the Hypothecary Formula.] When a herd is pledged, those that are born afterwards are bound; but even if the entire herd has been renewed through the dying off of the original heads, it will remain bound by the pledge.
§20.1.13.1Statuliber quoque dari hypothecae poterit, licet con- dicione exsistente euanescat pignus.
A slave awaiting freedom under a condition (statuliber) can also be given in mortgage, even though the pledge vanishes upon the fulfillment of the condition.
§20.1.13.2Cum pignori rem pigneratam accipi posse placuerit, quatenus utraque pecunia debetur pignus secundo creditori tenetur et tam exceptio quam actio utilis ei danda est: quod si dominus soluerit pecuniam, pignus quoque peremitur.
Since it has been established that a pledged thing can be accepted as a pledge, as long as both sums of money are owed, the pledge is held bound to the second creditor, and both an exception and an equitable action must be given to him. But if the owner pays the money, the pledge is also extinguished.
sed potest dubitari, numquid creditori nummorum solutorum nomine utilis actio danda sit an non: quid enim, si res soluta fuerit? et uerum est, quod Pomponius libro septimo ad edictum scribit, si quidem pecuniam debet is, cuius nomen pignori datum est, exacta ea creditorem secum pensaturum: si uero corpus is debuerit et soluerit, pignoris loco futurum apud secundum creditorem.
However, it may be doubted whether or not an equitable action should be given to the creditor under the head of the money paid; for what if a physical thing has been delivered? And what Pomponius writes in the seventh book on the Edict is true, namely, that if indeed the person whose debt-claim was given in pledge owes money, the creditor, once it is collected, will balance it with himself; but if he owed a specific object and delivered it, it will take the place of the pledge in the hands of the second creditor.
§20.1.13.3Et in superficiariis legitime consistere creditor potest aduersus quemlibet possessorem, siue tantum pactum conuentum de hypotheca interuenerit, siue etiam possessio tradita fuerit, deinde amissa sit.
And in the case of those who have a right of superficies, the creditor can lawfully assert his right against any possessor, whether only an agreement concerning the mortgage took place, or whether possession was also delivered and subsequently lost.
§20.1.13.4Etiamsi creditor iudicatum debitorem fecerit, hypotheca manet obligata, quia suas condiciones habet hypothecaria actio, id est si soluta est pecunia aut satisfactum est, quibus cessantibus tenet.
Even if the creditor has obtained a judgment against the debtor, the mortgage remains bound, because the hypothecary action has its own conditions, namely, if the money has been paid or satisfaction has been given, and as long as these are lacking, it holds.
et si cum defensore in personam egero, licet is mihi satisdederit et damnatus sit, aeque hypotheca manet obligata.
And if I bring a personal action against a defender, even though he has given me security and been condemned, the mortgage equally remains bound.
multo magis ergo si in personam actum sit siue cum reo siue cum fideiussore siue cum utrisque pro parte, licet damnati sint, hypotheca manet obligata nec per hoc uidetur satis- factum creditori, quod habet iudicati actionem.
Much more, therefore, if a personal action is brought either against the principal debtor, or against the surety, or against both for their respective shares, even though they have been condemned, the mortgage remains bound; nor is the creditor deemed to have been satisfied merely by the fact that he has an action on the judgment.
§20.1.13.5Si sub condicione debiti nomine obligata sit hypotheca, dicendum est ante condicionem non recte agi, cum nihil interim debeatur: sed si sub condicione debiti condicio uenerit, rursus agere poterit.
If a mortgage is bound under the head of a conditional debt, it must be said that before the condition is fulfilled the action is not properly brought, since in the meantime nothing is owed; but if, in the case of a conditional debt, the condition occurs, the creditor will be able to sue again.
sed si praesens sit debitum, hypotheca uero sub condicione, et agatur ante condicionem hypothecaria, uerum quidem est pecuniam solutam non esse, sed auferri hypothecam iniquum est: ideoque ar bitrio iudicis cautiones interponendae sunt 'si condicio exstiterit nec pecunia soluatur, restitui hypothecam, si in rerum natura sit. ' §20.1.13.6Propter usuras quoque si obligata sit hypotheca, usurae solui debent: idem et in poena dicemus.
But if the debt is present (unconditional), while the mortgage is conditional, and the hypothecary action is brought before the condition, although it is true that the money has not been paid, it is unjust that the mortgage should be taken away: therefore, by the arbitration of the judge, securities must be interposed to the effect: "if the condition should exist and the money is not paid, the mortgage shall be restored, provided it is still in existence." If a mortgage has been bound also on account of interest, the interest must be paid; we shall say the same in the case of a penalty.