Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §20.1.10.pr

Effects of Simultaneous Pledge of Same Property to Two Creditors

Passage 2923 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This section explains the legal relationship between two pledgees when a debtor pledges the same property to both simultaneously, distinguishing between a pledge for the whole amount and a pledge for respective shares.

[ULPIANUS libro septuagesimo tertio ad edictum. ] §20.1.10.prSi debitor res suas duobus simul pignori obligauerit ita, ut utrique in solidum obligatae essent, singuli in solidum aduersus extraneos Seruiana utentur: inter ipsos autem si quaestio moueatur, possidentis meliorem esse condicionem: dabitur enim possidenti haec exceptio: 'si non conuenit, ut eadem res mihi quoque pignori esset. ' si autem id actum fuerit, ut pro partibus res obligarentur, utilem actionem competere et inter ipsos et aduersus extraneos, per quam dimidiam partis possessionem adprehendant singuli.
[ULPIAN, in the seventy-third book on the Edict.] If a debtor should pledge his property to two persons at the same time in such a way that it is obligated to each for the whole amount, each of them will bring the Servian action for the whole against third parties; but if a dispute should arise between themselves, the condition of the possessor is the better; for the possessor will be granted this exception: 'unless it was agreed that the same thing should also be pledged to me.' But if it was agreed that the things should be pledged for their respective shares, a useful action is available both between themselves and against third parties, by which each may acquire possession of a half share.

Notes

  1. §20.1.10.prpossidentis meliorem esse condicionem — An accusative with infinitive (AcI) construction in indirect speech, where the governing main verb (such as 'it is said' or 'it is held') is omitted. The genitive present participle `possidentis` is used substantively, modifying `condicionem`.
  2. §20.1.10.prsi non conuenit, ut eadem res mihi quoque pignori esset — The formulaic text of an exception (exceptio) in Roman law, taking the form of a negative conditional clause (si non...) inserted into the formula. `mihi` refers to the defendant (the current possessor) raising the exception, and the `ut` clause acts as the subject of `conuenit` (it was agreed).
  3. §20.1.10.prdimidiam partis possessionem — `partis` is the genitive singular of the noun `pars` (share). The phrase means 'possession of a half of the share.' `dimidiam` is an adjective modifying `possessionem`, showing hyperbaton in its separation.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §20.1.10.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:20.1.10.pr

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