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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §2.3.1.pr-2.3.1.4

Actions for Defending Jurisdiction and Disobedience

Passage 264 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Ulpian discusses the right of magistrates to defend their jurisdiction through penal actions, the criteria for determining non-obedience to a magistrate, the liability of representatives, and the nature of the action for non-obedience (limited to the value of the matter, purely penal, and time-limited).

[ULPIANUS libro primo ad edictum. ] §2.3.1.prOmnibus magistratibus, non tamen duumuiris, secundum ius potestatis suae concessum est iurisdictionem suam defendere poenali iudicio. §2.3.1.1Is uidetur ius dicenti non obtemperasse, qui quod extremum in iurisdictione est non fecit: ueluti si quis rem mobilem uindicari a se passus non est, sed duci eam uel ferri passus est: ceterum si et sequentia recusauit, tunc non obtemperasse uidetur. §2.3.1.2Si procurator tuus uel tutor uel curator ius dicenti non obtemperauit, ipse punitur, non dominus uel pupillus. §2.3.1.3Non solum autem reum, qui non obtemperauit, hoc edicto teneri Labeo ait, uerum etiam petitorem. §2.3.1.4Hoc iudicium non ad id quod interest, sed quanti ea res est concluditur: et cum meram poenam contineat, neque post annum neque in heredem datur.
[ULPIAN, on the Edict, Book I.] magistrates, but not duumviri, are permitted, in accordance with the right of their power, to defend their jurisdiction by a penal action. is deemed not to have obeyed the person administering justice who did not perform what is the ultimate step in jurisdiction; for example, if someone did not allow a movable thing to be claimed from him, but did allow it to be led or carried away; otherwise, if he refused also the subsequent steps, then he is deemed not to have obeyed. your procurator, tutor, or curator has not obeyed the person administering justice, he himself is punished, not the principal or the ward., Labeo says that not only the defendant who has not obeyed is bound by this edict, but also the plaintiff. action is limited not to the damages, but to the value of the matter; and since it involves a pure penalty, it is granted neither after a year nor against an heir.

Notes

  1. §2.3.1.1quod extremum in iurisdictione est — This phrase means "what is ultimate in jurisdiction" and refers not to the initiation stage of normal legal proceedings (such as appearing in court), but to the subsequent final stages, such as compulsory enforcement.
  2. §2.3.1.1ceterum si et sequentia recusauit, tunc non obtemperasse uidetur — The example starting with `ueluti`, where someone allows physical carrying away of property, does not immediately count as non-obedience because there is no physical resistance. The clause starting with `ceterum` limits this by specifying that only if they also refuse the subsequent steps (such as physical delivery) are they deemed not to have obeyed.
  3. §2.3.1.4quanti ea res est concluditur — `quanti ea res est` is a noun phrase using the genitive of value, meaning "the sum equal to the value of the matter." `concluditur` is a passive verb used here in the sense of "is limited to" or "is bounded by."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §2.3.1.pr-2.3.1.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:2.3.1.pr-2.3.1.4

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