Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §2.14.4.pr-2.14.4.3

Examples of Tacit Agreements in Lease and Dowry

Passage 369 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Paulus demonstrates that agreements can be made tacitly, citing examples of the tacit pledge of goods brought into leased urban dwellings, agreements by mute persons, dowry stipulations, and the suspension of principal demands during interest payments.

[PAULUS libro tertio ad edictum. ] §2.14.4.prItem quia conuentiones etiam tacite ualent, placet in urbanis habitationibus locandis inuecta illata pignori esse locatori, etiamsi nihil nominatim conuenerit.
[PAULUS, On the Edict, book 3] Likewise, since agreements are valid even tacitly, it is held that in letting urban dwellings, things brought in and carried in are pledged to the landlord, even if nothing was specifically agreed.
§2.14.4.1Secundum haec et mutus pacisci potest.
According to this, even a mute person can make an agreement.
§2.14.4.2Huius rei argumentum etiam stipulatio dotis causa facta est: nam ante nuptias male petitur, quasi si hoc expressum fuisset, et nuptiis non secutis ipso iure euanescit stipulatio.
A proof of this matter is also the stipulation made for the sake of a dowry: for before the marriage it is wrongly demanded, as if this had been expressly stated, and if the marriage does not follow, the stipulation vanishes by operation of law.
idem Iuliano placet.
Julian is of the same opinion.
§2.14.4.3Ex facto etiam consultus, cum conuenisset, ut donec usurae soluerentur sors non peteretur, et stipulatio pure concepta fuisset, condicionem inesse stipulationi, atque si hoc expressum fuisset.
Also, having been consulted on an actual case, where it had been agreed that the principal should not be demanded so long as interest was being paid, and the stipulation had been formulated unconditionally, he answered that a condition was inherent in the stipulation, just as if this had been expressly stated.

Notes

  1. §2.14.4.prinuecta illata — A formulation where 'et' is omitted between 'inuecta' and 'illata'. It is a legal technical term referring to movable property (such as household goods) brought into a leased property by the tenant for use or convenience, which here becomes subject to a tacit pledge.
  2. §2.14.4.2male petitur — Meaning 'it is wrongly demanded' or 'demanded prematurely without legal basis'. It indicates that bringing a claim before the substantial condition (the marriage) is fulfilled is legally defective.
  3. §2.14.4.3condicionem inesse stipulationi — An accusative with infinitive construction (with 'condicionem' as the subject accusative and 'inesse' as the infinitive). The main verb governing this clause (such as 'respondit' or 'existimauit') is omitted in context, understood from 'consultus' (having been consulted).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §2.14.4.pr-2.14.4.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:2.14.4.pr-2.14.4.3

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.