[PAULUS libro quinto responsorum. ] §19.2.54.prQuaero, an fideiussor conductionis etiam in usuras non illatarum pensionum nomine teneatur nec prosint ei constitutiones, quibus cauetur eos, qui pro aliis pecuniam exsoluunt, sortis solummodo damnum agnoscere oportere.
[PAULUS, from the fifth book of Opinions.] I ask whether a surety for a lease is also liable for interest under the heading of unpaid rent, and whether the constitutions, which provide that those who pay money for others ought only to acknowledge the loss of the principal, do not benefit him.
Paulus respondit, si in omnem causam conductionis etiam fideiussor se obligauit, eum quoque exemplo coloni tardius illatarum per moram coloni pensionum praestare debere usuras: usurae enim in bonae fidei iudiciis etsi non tam ex obligatione proficiscantur quam ex officio iudicis applicentur, tamen, cum fideiussor in omnem causam se applicuit, aequum uidetur ipsum quoque agnoscere onus usurarum, ac si ita fideiussisset:'in quantum illum condemnari ex bona fide oportebit, tantum fide tua esse iubes?' uel ita: 'indemnem me praestabis?' §19.2.54.1Inter locatorem fundi et conductorem conuenit, ne intra tempora locationis Seius conductor de fundo inuitus repelleretur et, si pulsatus esset, poenam decem praestet Titius locator Seio conductori: uel Seius conductor Titio, si intra tempora locationis discedere uellet, aeque decem Titio locatori praestare uellet: quod inuicem de se stipulati sunt.
Paulus replied that if the surety has also bound himself for every cause of the lease, he too, after the example of the tenant, must pay interest on rent paid late due to the tenant's delay; for although in bona fide actions interest does not so much arise from the obligation as it is applied by the office of the judge, nevertheless, since the surety has applied himself to every cause, it seems fair that he himself should also bear the burden of interest, as if he had given a surety as follows: 'As much as he ought to be condemned in good faith, do you order that same amount to be on your credit?' or thus: 'Will you keep me harmless?' It was agreed between the lessor of a tract of land and the lessee that the lessee Seius should not be expelled from the land against his will during the term of the lease, and that if he were expelled, the lessor Titius should pay a penalty of ten to the lessee Seius; or if the lessee Seius wished to depart during the term of the lease, he should likewise pay ten to the lessor Titius; which they mutually stipulated from each other.
quaero, cum Seius conductor biennii continui pensionem non solueret, an sine metu poenae expelli possit.
I ask whether, when the lessee Seius did not pay the rent for two consecutive years, he can be expelled without fear of the penalty.
Paulus respondit, quamuis nihil expressum sit in stipulatione poenali de solutione pensionum, tamen uerisimile esse ita conuenisse de non expellendo colono intra tempora praefinita, si pensionibus paruerit et ut oportet coleret: et ideo, si poenam petere coeperit is qui pensionibus satis non fecit, profuturam locatori doli exceptionem.
Paulus replied that although nothing was expressed in the penal stipulation about the payment of rent, it is nevertheless likely that it was agreed not to expel the tenant within the specified time on the condition that he complied with the payments of rent and cultivated as he ought; and therefore, if the one who did not satisfy the rent begins to demand the penalty, the exception of doli will benefit the lessor.
§19.2.54.2Paulus respondit seruum, qui aestimatus colonae adscriptus est, ad periculum colonae pertinebit et ideo aestimationem huius defuncti ab herede colonae praestari oportere.
Paulus replied that a slave who, having been valued, was assigned to a female tenant, will belong to the risk of the female tenant, and therefore the valuation of this deceased slave must be paid by the heir of the female tenant.