[ULPIANUS libro trigesimo secundo ad edictum. ] §19.1.17.prFundi nihil est, nisi quod terra teneatur.
[ULPIANUS libro trigesimo secundo ad edictum.] Nothing belongs to the land, unless it is held by the earth.
terra se tenet: aedium autem multa esse, quae aedibus adfixa non sunt, ignorari non oportet, ut puta seras claues claustra: multa etiam defossa esse neque tamen fundi aut uillae haberi, ut puta uasa uinaria torcularia, quoniam haec instrumenti magis sunt, etiamsi aedificio cohaerent.
The earth holds itself. But it must not be ignored that there are many things belonging to a building which are not affixed to the building, such as bolts, keys, and bars. Also, many things are buried in the ground and yet are not regarded as belonging to the land or the villa, such as wine vats and presses, since these belong more to equipment, even if they are attached to the building.
§19.1.17.1Sed et uinum et fructus perceptos uillae non esse constat.
But it is also well established that wine and gathered fruits do not belong to the villa.
§19.1.17.2Fundo uendito uel legato sterculinum et stramenta emptoris et legatarii sunt, ligna autem uenditoris uel heredis, quia non sunt fundi, tametsi ad eam rem comparata sunt.
When land is sold or bequeathed, the manure and straw belong to the buyer and legatee, but the wood belongs to the seller or heir, because they do not belong to the land, even though they were prepared for that purpose.
in sterculino autem distinctio Trebatii probanda est, ut, si quidem stercorandi agri causa comparatum sit, emptorem sequatur, si uendendi, uenditorem, nisi si aliud actum est: nec interest, in stabulo iaceat an aceruus sit.
However, regarding the manure, Trebatius's distinction should be approved: if it was prepared for the purpose of fertilizing the field, it goes to the buyer; if for the purpose of selling, it goes to the seller, unless agreed otherwise; and it makes no difference whether it lies in the stable or is in a heap.
§19.1.17.3Quae tabulae pictae pro tectorio includuntur itemque crustae marmoreae aedium sunt.
Paintings that are inset in place of plaster, and likewise marble panels, belong to the building.
§19.1.17.4Reticuli circa columnas, plutei circa parietes, item cilicia uela aedium non sunt.
Netting around columns, screens around walls, and likewise goat-hair curtains, do not belong to the building.
§19.1.17.5Item quod insulae causa paratum est, si nondum perfectum est, quamuis positum in aedificio sit, non tamen uidetur aedium esse.
Also, what has been prepared for the sake of an apartment building, if it is not yet completed, even though it is placed in the building, is not considered to belong to the building.
§19.1.17.6Si ruta et caesa excipiantur in uenditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena creta et similia: caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas et carbones et his similia.
If "things dug up and cut down" are excepted in a sale, it has been held that "ruta" are those things which are dug up, such as sand, chalk, and the like; and "caesa" are those, such as felled trees, charcoal, and the like.
Gallus autem Aquilius, cuius Mela refert opinionem, recte ait frustra in lege uenditionis de rutis et caesis contineri, quia, si non specialiter uenierunt, ad exhibendum de his agi potest neque enim magis de materia caesa aut de caementis aut de harena cauendum est uenditori quam de ceteris quae sunt pretiosiora.
But Aquilius Gallus, whose opinion Mela reports, rightly says that it is in vain to include a clause about "ruta et caesa" in the terms of sale, because, if they were not specifically sold, an action for production can be brought for them; for the seller does not need to guard against felled timber, building stones, or sand any more than other things which are more valuable.
§19.1.17.7Labeo generaliter scribit ea, quae perpetui usus causa in aedificiis sunt, aedificii esse, quae uero ad praesens, non esse aedificii, ut puta fistulae temporis quidem causa positae non sunt aedium, uerum tamen si perpetuo fuerint positae, aedium sunt.
Labeo writes generally that those things which are in buildings for the sake of perpetual use belong to the building, but those which are for temporary use do not belong to the building; for example, water pipes put in for temporary use do not belong to the building, but if they have been put in permanently, they belong to the building.
§19.1.17.8Castella plumbea, putea, opercula puteorum, epitonia fistulis adplumbata (aut quae terra continentur quamuis non sint adfixa) aedium esse constat.
It is well established that lead cisterns, wells, well covers, taps soldered to pipes (or those things which are contained by the earth even though they are not affixed) belong to the building.
§19.1.17.9Item constat sigilla, columnas quoque et personas, ex quorum rostris aqua salire solet, uillae esse.
Likewise, it is well established that small statues, columns, and masks, from whose mouths water is accustomed to spout, belong to the villa.
§19.1.17.10Ea, quae ex aedificio detracta sunt ut reponantur, aedificii sunt: at quae parata sunt ut imponantur, non sunt aedificii.
Those things which have been detached from a building in order to be replaced belong to the building; but those which have been prepared to be installed do not belong to the building.
§19.1.17.11Pali, qui uineae causa parati sunt, antequam collocentur, fundi non sunt, sed qui exempti sunt hac mente ut collocentur, fundi sunt.
Stakes which have been prepared for the sake of a vineyard, before they are set up, do not belong to the land, but those which have been taken out with the intention of being set up do belong to the land.