[IDEM libro trigesimo tertio ad edictum. ] §18.6.8.prNecessario sciendum est, quando perfecta sit emptio: tunc enim sciemus, cuius periculum sit: nam perfecta emptione periculum ad emptorem respiciet.
[THE SAME, in Book 33 on the Edict.] It is necessary to know when a sale is perfected: for then we shall know whose the risk is: for once the sale is perfected, the risk will belong to the buyer.
et si id quod uenierit appareat quid quale quantum sit, sit et pretium, et pure uenit, perfecta est emptio: quod si sub condicione res uenierit, si quidem defecerit condicio, nulla est emptio, sicuti nec stipulatio: quod si exstiterit, Proculus et Octauenus emptoris esse periculum aiunt: idem Pomponius libro nono probat.
And if it is clear what has been sold, of what quality, and how much, and the price is also established, and it is sold unconditionally, the sale is perfected; but if the thing has been sold under a condition, indeed if the condition fails, there is no sale, just as there is no stipulation; but if the condition is fulfilled, Proculus and Octavenus say that the risk is the buyer's; Pomponius approves the same in his ninth book.
quod si pendente condicione emptor uel uenditor decesserit, constat, si exstiterit condicio, heredes quoque obligatos esse quasi iam contracta emptione in praeteritum.
But if, while the condition is pending, the buyer or the seller dies, it is established that, if the condition is fulfilled, the heirs also are bound as though the sale had already been contracted in the past.
quod si pendente condicione res tradita sit, emptor non poterit eam usucapere pro emptore.
But if, while the condition is pending, the thing has been delivered, the buyer cannot usucapt it as a buyer.
et quod pretii solutum est repetetur et fructus medii temporis uenditoris sunt (sicuti stipulationes et legata condicionalia peremuntur) si pendente condicione res exstincta fuerit: sane si exstet res, licet deterior effecta, potest dici esse damnum emptoris.
And whatever of the price has been paid will be recovered, and the fruits of the intervening time belong to the seller (just as conditional stipulations and legacies are extinguished), if, while the condition is pending, the thing has perished; indeed, if the thing survives, although rendered worse, it can be said to be the loss of the buyer.
§18.6.8.1Si ita uenierit: 'est ille seruus emptus, siue nauis ex Asia uenerit siue non uenerit', Iulianus putat statim perfectam esse uenditionem, quoniam certum sit eam contractam.
If it is sold in this way: 'Let that slave be bought, whether a ship comes from Asia or does not come,' Julian thinks that the sale is perfected immediately, since it is certain that it has been contracted.
§18.6.8.2Cum usum fructum mihi uendis, interest, utrum ius utendi fruendi, quod solum tuum sit, uendas, an uero in ipsum corpus, quod tuum sit, usum fructum mihi uendas: nam priore casu etiamsi statim morieris, nihil mihi heres tuus debebit, heredi autem meo debebitur, si tu uiuis: posteriore casu heredi meo nihil debebitur, heres tuus debebit.
When you sell a usufruct to me, it makes a difference whether you sell the right of using and enjoying, which is yours alone, or whether you sell to me a usufruct in the physical thing itself, which is yours: for in the former case, even if you die immediately, your heir will owe nothing to me, but it will be owed to my heir if you are alive; in the latter case, nothing will be owed to my heir, but your heir will owe it.