[PAULUS libro quinto ad Sabinum. ] §18.2.14.prSi uenditor simulauerit meliorem allatam condicionem, cum minoris uel etiam tantidem alii uenderet, utrique emptori in solidum erit obligatus.
[PAULUS, On Sabinus, book 5.] If a seller pretends that a better offer has been made, when in fact he sold to another for less or even for the same amount, he will be liable to both buyers in full.
§18.2.14.1Sed si emptor alium non idoneum subiecit eique fundus addictus est, non uideo, inquit, quemadmodum priori sit emptus, cum alia uenditio et uera postea subsecuta sit. sed uerum est uenditorem deceptum ex uendito actionem habere cum priore emptore, quanti sua intersit id non esse factum, per quam actionem et fructus, quos prior emptor perceperit et quo deterior res culpa uel dolo malo eius facta sit, recipiet uenditor.
But if the buyer substituted another, unsuitable person and the estate was adjudged to him, 'I do not see,' he says, 'how it remains purchased by the prior buyer, since another and real sale followed afterwards.' But it is true that the deceived seller has an action on the sale against the prior buyer for the amount of his interest in that not having happened; through which action the seller will recover both the fruits which the prior buyer gathered and the amount by which the property was made worse by his fault or fraud.
et ita Labeoni et Neruae placet.
And this is approved by Labeo and Nerva.
§18.2.14.2Sed si neuter subiecit emptorem, maiore autem pretio addictum est praedium ei qui soluendo non est, abitum est a priore emptione, quia ea melior intellegitur quam uenditor comprobauit, cui licuit non addicere.
But if neither party substituted a buyer, but the estate was adjudged at a higher price to someone who is insolvent, the prior purchase is dissolved, because that sale is understood to be better which the seller approved, since he was permitted not to adjudge it.
§18.2.14.3Sed et si pupillus postea sine tutoris auctoritate pluris emerit, consentiente uenditore abibitur a priore emptione.
But also, if a ward should afterwards buy at a higher price without the authority of his tutor, the prior purchase will be dissolved with the consent of the seller.
idem et de seruo alieno: aliter atque si seruo suo uel filio, quem in potestate habet, uel domino rei per errorem id addixerit, quia non est emptio his casibus.
The same applies to another's slave; unlike the case where he, by mistake, adjudged it to his own slave, or to a son whom he has under his power, or to the owner of the property, because there is no sale in these cases.
quod si alieno seruo, quem putauerit liberum esse, addixerit, contra se habebit et erit hic similis egenti.
But if he adjudged it to another's slave whom he believed to be free, he will have the outcome against himself, and this person will be similar to an insolvent.
§18.2.14.4Emptorem, qui meliorem condicionem attulerit, praeter corpus nihil sequitur quod uenierit.
Nothing follows the buyer who brought the better condition, except the actual property that was sold.
§18.2.14.5Non tamen ideo, si tantundem pretium alius det, hoc ipso, quod fructus eum non sequantur, qui secuturi essent priorem emptorem, melior condicio uidetur allata, quia non id agitur inter emptorem et uenditorem.
However, if another person offers the same price, it does not on that account seem that a better condition is brought, solely because the fruits do not follow him which would have followed the prior buyer; because that is not what is intended between the buyer and the seller.