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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §18.1.72.pr-18.1.72.1

Subsequent Agreements and Price Modifications in Sale

Passage 2660 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

The text discusses the validity of subsequent agreements modifying a contract of sale, the contractual treatment of price modifications, and the inapplicability of clauses excluding sacred or public property when the sold object belongs to the treasury.

[PAPINIANUS libro decimo quaestionum. ] §18.1.72.prPacta conuenta, quae postea facta detrahunt aliquid emptioni, contineri contractui uidentur: quae uero adiciunt, credimus non inesse.
[PAPINIANUS, in the tenth book of Questions.] Agreements entered into, which are made subsequently and detract something from the sale, are deemed to be contained in the contract; but those which add to it, we believe are not included.
quod locum habet in his, quae adminicula sunt emptionis, ueluti ne cautio duplae praestetur aut ut cum fideiussore cautio duplae praestetur.
This applies to those things which are accessory to the sale, for instance, that security for double value should not be given, or that security for double value should be given with a surety.
sed quo casu agente emptore non ualet pactum, idem uires habebit iure exceptionis agente uenditore.
But in the case where the agreement is not valid when the buyer sues, the same will have force by right of exception when the seller sues.
an idem dici possit aucto postea uel deminuto pretio, non immerito quaesitum est, quoniam emptionis substantia constitit ex pretio.
Whether the same can be said when the price is subsequently increased or diminished has been questioned not without reason, since the substance of a sale consists of the price.
PAULUS notat: si omnibus integris manentibus de augendo uel deminuendo pretio rursum conuenit, recessum a priore contractu et noua emptio intercessisse uidetur.
PAULUS notes: if, while everything remains untouched, it is agreed again on increasing or diminishing the price, there is deemed to be a withdrawal from the prior contract and a new sale to have intervened.
§18.1.72.1PAPINIANUS: Lege uenditionis illa facta 'si quid sacri aut religiosi aut publici est, eius nihil uenit', si res non in usu publico, sed in patrimonio fisci erit, uenditio eius ualebit, nec uenditori proderit exceptio, quae non habuit locum.
PAPINIANUS: Under a condition of sale made in these terms, "if any of the property is sacred, religious, or public, none of it is sold," if the property is not in public use but is in the patrimony of the treasury, its sale will be valid, nor will the exception benefit the seller, which had no application.

Notes

  1. §18.1.72.prpostea facta — The participle facta (neuter plural) modifies the subject pacta conuenta (agreements), indicating agreements made after the conclusion of the contract.
  2. §18.1.72.promnibus integris manentibus — This is an ablative absolute construction, which legally refers to a state where performance by neither party has commenced (re integra).
  3. §18.1.72.1quae non habuit locum — The antecedent of the relative pronoun quae is exceptio (exception). It explains that since the exclusionary clause concerning sacred things did not apply (locum habere) to the sale of fiscal property in the first place, no defense based on that clause could be established.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §18.1.72.pr-18.1.72.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:18.1.72.pr-18.1.72.1

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