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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §17.2.83.pr

Ownership Shares in Severed Boundary Trees and Stones

Passage 2587 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Paulus questions whether a tree on a boundary or a stone spanning two properties should, upon removal, belong to each owner individually in proportion to their land or become undivided common property, concluding that natural reason dictates they retain the same shares as they had in the land.

[PAULUS libro primo manualium. ] §17.2.83.prIllud quaerendum est, arbor quae in confinio nata est, item lapis qui per utrumque fundum extenditur an, cum succisa arbor uel lapis exemptus eius sit cuius fundus, pro ea quoque parte singulorum esse debeat, pro qua parte in fundo fuerat? an qua ratione duabus massis duorum dominorum flatis tota massa communis est, ita arbor hoc ipso, quo separatur a solo propriamque substantiam in unum corpus redactam accipit, multo magis pro indiuiso communis fit, quam massa? sed naturali conuenit rationi et postea tantam partem utrumque habere tam in lapide quam in arbore, quantam et in terra habebat.
[PAULUS, Opinions, book 1.] The following question must be asked: whether a tree which has grown on a boundary, and likewise a stone which extends through both properties, when the tree is cut down or the stone is dug out, since it belongs to him whose land it is, ought to belong to each owner in that proportion in which it had been in their land? Or, on the same principle as when two masses of metal belonging to two owners are melted together, the whole mass is common property, so the tree, by the very fact that it is separated from the soil and acquires a distinct substance reduced into one body, becomes common on an undivided basis, much more so than the mass of metal? But it is in accordance with natural reason that even afterwards each of them should have the same share both in the stone and in the tree as they had in the land.

Notes

  1. §17.2.83.prarbor quae in confinio nata est, item lapis qui per utrumque fundum extenditur an... — The nominatives 'arbor...' and 'lapis...' at the beginning of the sentence form a nominativus pendens, presenting the topic of the inquiry before functioning as the subject of the verb 'debeat' within the subsequent indirect question introduced by 'an'. The main governing verb of the whole sentence is 'Illud quaerendum est'.
  2. §17.2.83.preius sit cuius fundus — A construction within the 'cum' clause (expressing cause). 'eius' is a possessive genitive, and 'cuius' is a relative pronoun with its antecedent omitted. It stands for 'eius [hominis] cuius fundus [est]' (belongs to [the person] whose the land is).
  3. §17.2.83.prhoc ipso, quo... — The relative pronoun 'quo' in the ablative neuter singular modifies (or explains appositively) the antecedent ablative demonstrative 'hoc ipso' ('by this very fact'), indicating the causal means: 'by the very fact that...'.
  4. §17.2.83.prnaturali conuenit rationi ... utrumque habere — 'conuenit' is used impersonally, taking the dative 'naturali rationi' and governing the accusative and infinitive clause 'utrumque habere...' as its subject. 'utrumque' is the subject accusative of the infinitive 'habere'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §17.2.83.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:17.2.83.pr

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