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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §16.2.7.pr-16.2.7.1

Immature Debts in Set-Off and Effect of Res Judicata

Passage 2385 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Explains that debts with an unexpired future due date cannot be set off, and that whether the claim survives depends on the specific reason why the judge rejected the set-off.

[IDEM libro uicensimo octauo ad edictum. ] §16.2.7.prQuod in diem debetur, non compensabitur, antequam dies uenit, quamquam dari oporteat.
[THE SAME, On the Edict, Book XXVIII.] What is owed with a future due date will not be set off before the day arrives, although it ought to be given.
§16.2.7.1Si rationem compensationis iudex non habuerit, salua manet petitio: nec enim rei iudicatae exceptio obici potest.
If the judge does not take account of the set-off, the claim remains intact; for the exception of res judicata cannot be raised.
aliud dicam, si reprobauit pensationem quasi non existente debito: tunc enim rei iudicatae mihi nocebit exceptio.
I would say otherwise if he rejected the set-off on the ground that the debt does not exist; for then the exception of res judicata will prejudice me.

Notes

  1. 16.2.7.prin diem — A combination of the preposition in with the accusative diem, meaning "subject to a future due date." It refers to a debt that is already owed but not yet enforceable because the term has not yet expired.
  2. 16.2.7.1aliud dicam — dicam is future indicative (or present subjunctive), meaning "I would say otherwise" or "I will reach a different conclusion." It operates in tandem with the conditional clause si reprobauit (perfect or future perfect indicative) to state the jurist's opinion on a hypothetical scenario.
  3. 16.2.7.1quasi non existente debito — An ablative absolute construction (non existente debito) introduced by quasi ("as if"), indicating the subjective ground or assumption on which the judge acted: "on the ground that the debt does not exist."

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §16.2.7.pr-16.2.7.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:16.2.7.pr-16.2.7.1

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