[POMPONIUS libro tricensimo quinto ad Sabinum. ] §13.7.8.prSi necessarias impensas fecerim in seruum aut in fundum, quem pignoris causa acceperim, non tantum retentionem, sed etiam contrariam pigneraticiam actionem habebo: finge enim medicis, cum aegrotaret seruus, dedisse me pecuniam et eum decessisse, item insulam fulsisse uel refecisse et postea deustam esse, nec habere quod possem retinere.
[POMPONIUS, on Sabinus, Book XXXV] If I have incurred necessary expenses on a slave or on a tract of land which I received by way of pledge, I shall have not only the right of retention, but also the contrary action on pledge. For imagine that I paid money to physicians when the slave was ill and he subsequently died, or that I shored up or repaired a block of flats and it was afterwards burnt down, so that I have nothing that I could retain.
§13.7.8.1Si pignori plura mancipia data sint, et quaedam certis pretiis ita uendiderit creditor ut euictionem eorum praestaret, et creditum suum habeat, reliqua mancipia potest retinere, donec ei caueatur, quod euictionis nomine promiserit, indemnem eum futurum.
If several slaves have been given in pledge, and the creditor has sold some of them at fixed prices in such a way that he guaranteed them against eviction, and has his debt paid, he can retain the remaining slaves until security is given to him that he will be held harmless in respect of what he promised on account of eviction.
§13.7.8.2Si unus ex heredibus debitoris portionem suam soluerit, tamen tota res pignori data uenire poterit, quemadmodum si ipse debitor portionem soluisset.
If one of the heirs of the debtor has paid his portion, the whole thing given in pledge can nevertheless be sold, just as if the debtor himself had paid a portion.
§13.7.8.3Si annua bima trima die triginta stipulatus acceperim pignus pactusque sim, ut nisi sua quaque die pecunia soluta esset, uendere eam mihi liceret, placet, antequam omnium pensionum dies ueniret, non posse me pignus uendere, quia eis uerbis omnes pensiones demonstrarentur: nec uerum est sua quaque die non solutam pecuniam, antequam omnes dies uenirent, sed omnibus pensionibus praeteritis, etiamsi una portio soluta non sit, pignus potest uenire.
If I have stipulated for payments at the end of one, two, and three years, within thirty days of each term, and have received a pledge and agreed that if the money was not paid on each of its due days, I should be allowed to sell it, it is held that before the day for all the instalments comes, I cannot sell the pledge, because all the instalments are indicated by those words. And it is not true that before all the days come, the money is not paid on each of its due days, but when all the instalments have passed, even if only one portion has not been paid, the pledge can be sold.
sed si ita scriptum sit: 'si qua pecunia sua die soluta non erit', statim competit ei pacti conuentio.
But if it was written: 'if any money is not paid on its due day', the agreement immediately becomes operative for him.
§13.7.8.4De uendendo pignore in rem pactio concipienda est, ut omnes contineantur: sed et si creditoris dumtaxat persona fuerit comprehensa, etiam heres eius iure uendet, si nihil in contrarium actum esset.
An agreement concerning the sale of a pledge should be drafted in rem so that everyone is included; but even if only the person of the creditor was comprehended, his heir also will lawfully sell it, if nothing to the contrary had been agreed.
§13.7.8.5Cum pignus ex pactione uenire potest, non solum ob sortem non solutam uenire poterit, sed ob cetera quoque, ueluti usuras et quae in id impensa sunt.
When a pledge can be sold under an agreement, it can be sold not only on account of the unpaid principal, but also on account of other things, such as interest and what has been expended on it.