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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §13.7.18.pr-13.7.18.4

Pledging of Claims and the Scope of Collateral Objects

Passage 2156 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Paulus discusses the validity and praetorian protection of pledging a claim, the scope of a pledge's security (including accrued usufruct, sold land, and ships built from pledged timber), and the pledging of peculium by a slave with free administration.

[PAULUS libro uicensimo nono ad edictum. ] §13.7.18.prSi conuenerit, ut nomen debitoris mei pignori tibi sit, tuenda est a praetore haec conuentio, ut et in exigenda pecunia et debitorem aduersus me, si cum eo experiar, tueatur.
[PAULUS, On the Edict, Book Twenty-nine] If it has been agreed that the claim against my debtor shall be a pledge to you, this agreement should be protected by the praetor, so that he may protect both in collecting the money and the debtor against me if I should bring an action against him.
ergo si id nomen pecuniarium fuerit, exactam pecuniam tecum pensabis, si uero corporis alicuius, id quod acceperis erit tibi pignoris loco.
Therefore, if that claim is for money, you shall offset the collected money against your own claim; but if it is for a specific thing, that which you receive shall be in place of a pledge to you.
§13.7.18.1Si nuda proprietas pignori data sit, usus fructus, qui postea adcreuerit, pignori erit: eadem causa est alluuionis.
If the bare ownership has been given as a pledge, the usufruct that subsequently accrues to it will be subject to the pledge; the same rule applies to alluvion.
§13.7.18.2Si fundus pigneratus uenierit, manere causam pignoris, quia cum sua causa fundus transeat, sicut in partu ancillae, qui post uenditionem natus sit.
If a pledged tract of land is sold, the cause of the pledge remains, because the land passes with its own encumbrance, just as in the case of the offspring of a female slave born after the sale.
§13.7.18.3Si quis cauerit, ut silua sibi pignori esset, nauem ex ea materia factam non esse pignori Cassius ait, quia aliud sit materia, aliud nauis: et ideo nominatim in dando pignore adiciendum esse ait: 'quaeque ex silua facta nataue sint'.
If anyone has stipulated that a forest should be a pledge to him, Cassius says that a ship built from that timber is not subject to the pledge, because the material is one thing and the ship is another; and therefore he says that in giving a pledge, it should be expressly added: 'and whatever shall have been made or produced from the forest'.
§13.7.18.4Seruus rem peculiarem si pignori dederit, tuendum est, si liberam peculii administrationem habuit: nam et alienare eas res potest.
If a slave has given a piece of his peculium as a pledge, this must be protected if he had the free administration of his peculium; for he can also alienate those things.

Notes

  1. §13.7.18.prnomen — The Latin word 'nomen' literally means 'name' or 'ledger entry', but in Roman legal texts, it commonly refers to a 'claim' or 'debt'. Here, 'nomen debitoris mei' means 'the claim against my debtor'.
  2. §13.7.18.prut et in exigenda pecunia et debitorem aduersus me, si cum eo experiar, tueatur — The subject of the subjunctive 'tueatur' is 'praetor' mentioned in the preceding phrase. This 'ut' clause details the manner or purpose of the protection ('tuenda est') of the agreement ('haec conuentio'). 'experiar' refers to the original creditor ('me') bringing a legal action against the debtor.
  3. §13.7.18.2manere — The infinitive 'manere' in the apodosis after the conditional clause is an indirect discourse construction, implying an omitted governing verb of saying or opinion (such as 'dicitur' or 'respondendum est'). It means '[it is held that] the cause of the pledge remains'.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §13.7.18.pr-13.7.18.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:13.7.18.pr-13.7.18.4

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