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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §13.7.13.pr-13.7.13.1

Actions on Pledges Sold with Redemption Pacts and Liability

Passage 2151 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This text regulates the actions available when the creditor and buyer agree that the debtor may recover the pledge upon paying the price, and defines the scope of liability (fraud, negligence, and custody) in this action on pledge.

[ULPIANUS libro trigensimo octauo ad edictum. ] §13.7.13.prSi, cum uenderet creditor pignus, conuenerit inter ipsum et emptorem, ut, si soluerit debitor pecuniam pretii emptori, liceret ei recipere rem suam, scripsit Iulianus et est rescriptum ob hanc conuentionem pigneraticiis actionibus teneri creditorem, ut debitori mandet ex uendito actionem aduersus emptorem.
[ULPIAN, on the Edict, Book XXXVIII] If, when the creditor sold the pledge, it was agreed between him and the buyer that, if the debtor paid the money of the price to the buyer, he should be permitted to recover his property, Julian wrote, and it was rescribed, that on account of this agreement the creditor is bound by actions on pledge to cede to the debtor his action on the sale against the buyer.
sed et ipse debitor aut uindicare rem poterit aut in factum actione aduersus emptorem agere.
But the debtor himself will also be able either to vindicate the property or to bring an action on the facts against the buyer.
§13.7.13.1Uenit autem in hac actione et dolus et culpa, ut in commodo: uenit et custodia: uis maior non uenit.
Moreover, in this action both fraud and negligence are included, as in a loan for use; custody is also included; act of God is not included.

Notes

  1. §13.7.13.prSi, cum uenderet creditor pignus, conuenerit inter ipsum et emptorem, ut, si soluerit debitor pecuniam pretii emptori, liceret ei recipere rem suam — The main clause begins with `scripsit Iulianus`, preceded by a long conditional clause. The verb introduced by `Si` is `conuenerit`. Within the `ut`-clause expressing the content of the agreement, another conditional clause `si soluerit` is embedded (where `soluerit` is perfect subjunctive or future perfect indicative). `liceret` is in the imperfect subjunctive due to the sequence of tenses after `conuenerit`.
  2. §13.7.13.prut debitori mandet ex uendito actionem — `mandare` (to mandate/assign) refers to the transfer of an action (procuratio in rem suam) in Roman law. Since the creditor holds the action arising from the sale (`actio ex uendito`) against the buyer, he is obliged to "assign" (`mandet`) this action to the debtor, enabling the debtor to sue the buyer directly.
  3. §13.7.13.1Uenit — The verb `uenire` (to come) is frequently used in legal texts to mean "to be included" or "to come into consideration" regarding the scope of liability or what can be claimed in a specific action.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §13.7.13.pr-13.7.13.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:13.7.13.pr-13.7.13.1

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