[ULPIANUS libro uicensimo octauno ad edictum. ] §13.7.11.prSolutum non uidetur, si lis contestata cum debitore sit de ipso debito uel si fideiussor conuentus fuerit.
[ULPIAN, on the Edict, Book XXVIII] Payment is not deemed to have been made if joinder of issue (lis contestata) has taken place with the debtor regarding the debt itself, or if the guarantor has been sued.
§13.7.11.1Nouata autem debiti obligatio pignus peremit, nisi conuenit, ut pignus repetatur.
Moreover, the novation of a debt extinguishes the pledge, unless it has been agreed that the pledge be renewed.
§13.7.11.2Si quasi daturus tibi pecuniam pignus accepero nec dedero, pigneraticia actione tenebor et nulla solutione facta: idemque et si accepto lata sit pecunia, uel condicio defecit, ob quam pignus contractum est, uel si pactum, cui standum est, de pecunia non petenda factum est.
If, as if I were about to give you money, I receive a pledge but do not give the money, I shall be bound by the action on pledge (actio pigneraticia) even though no payment has been made; and the same applies if the money has been formally released, or if the condition failed under which the pledge was contracted, or if an agreement not to sue for the money, which must be observed, has been made.
§13.7.11.3Si in sortem dumtaxat uel in usuras obstrictum est pignus, eo soluto propter quod obligatum est locum habet pigneraticia.
If a pledge was bound only for the principal or for the interest, once that for which it was bound is paid, the action on pledge lies.
siue autem usurae in stipulatum sint deductae siue non, si tamen pignus et in eas obligatum fuit, quamdiu quid ex his debetur, pigneraticia cessabit.
But whether the interest was brought into a stipulation or not, if the pledge was also bound for it, as long as any part of these is owed, the action on pledge will cease to be available.
alia causa est earum, quas quis supra licitum modum promisit: nam hae penitus illicitae sunt.
The case is different for interest which someone promised above the lawful limit; for these are entirely unlawful.
§13.7.11.4Si creditori plures heredes exstiterint et uni ex his pars eius soluatur, non debent ceteri heredes creditoris iniuria adfici, sed possunt totum fundum uendere oblato debitori eo, quod coheredi eorum soluit: quae sententia non est sine ratione.
If several heirs exist to a creditor, and a portion of the debt is paid to one of them, the other heirs of the creditor ought not to suffer prejudice, but they can sell the entire land after having offered to the debtor what he paid to their co-heir; this opinion is not without reason.
§13.7.11.5Solutam autem pecuniam accipiendum non solum, si ipsi, cui obligata res est, sed et si alii sit soluta uoluntate eius, uel ei cui heres exstitit, uel procuratori eius, uel seruo pecuniis exigendis praeposito.
Moreover, money is to be understood as paid not only if it is paid to the person himself to whom the property was pledged, but also if it is paid to another with his consent, or to the person to whom he succeeded as heir, or to his agent, or to a slave appointed to collect money.
unde si domum conduxeris et eius partem mihi locaueris egoque locatori tuo pensionem soluero, pigneraticia aduersus te potero experiri (nam Iulianus scribit solui ei posse): et si partem tibi, partem ei soluero, tantundem erit dicendum.
Hence, if you lease a house and sub-lease a part of it to me, and I pay the rent to your landlord, I will be able to bring the action on pledge against you (for Julian writes that payment can be made to him); and if I pay a part to you and a part to him, the same must be said.
plane in eam dumtaxat summam inuecta mea et illata tenebuntur, in quam cenaculum conduxi: non enim credibile est hoc conuenisse, ut ad uniuersam pensionem insulae friuola mea tenebuntur, uideter autem tacite et cum domino aedium hoc conuenisse, ut non pactio cenacularii proficiat domino, sed sua propria.
Clearly, my carried-in and brought-in goods (inuecta et illata) will be bound only for that sum for which I leased the apartment; for it is incredible that it was agreed that my humble belongings (friuola) should be bound for the rent of the entire block (insula). It seems, however, to have been tacitly agreed with the owner of the building that the agreement of the sub-tenant (cenacularius) does not benefit the owner, but his own agreement does.
§13.7.11.6Per liberam autem pignoris obligatio nobis non adquiritur, adeo ut ne per procuratorem plerumque uel tutorem adquiratur: et ideo ipsi actione pigneraticia conuenientur.
However, an obligation of pledge is not acquired for us through a free person, so much so that it is generally not acquired even through an agent or a guardian; and therefore they themselves will be sued in the action on pledge.
sed nec mutat, quod constitutum est ab imperatore nostro posse per liberam personam possessionem adquiri: nam hoc eo pertinebit, ut possimus pignoris nobis obligati possessionem per procuratorem uel tutorem adprehendere, ipsam autem obligationem libera persona nobis non semper adquiret.
Nor does it change this that it was established by our Emperor that possession can be acquired through a free person; for this will relate to the fact that we can take possession through an agent or a guardian of a pledge bound to us, but a free person will not always acquire the obligation itself for us.
§13.7.11.7Sed si procurator meus uel tutor rem pignori dederit, ipse agere pigneraticia poterit: quod in procuratore ita procedit, si ei mandatum fuit pignori dare
But if my agent or guardian has given a thing in pledge, he himself will be able to bring the action on pledge; which in the case of an agent holds good if he had a mandate to give it in pledge.