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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §13.1.8.pr-13.1.8.2

Valuation of Lost Stolen Goods and Claim for Fruits

Passage 2056 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This chunk explains that when a stolen thing is destroyed or deteriorated, the valuation for the condictio is based on its highest historical value because the thief is always in default, and that fruits are also included in the action.

[IDEM libro uicensimo septimo ad edictum. ] §13.1.8.prIn re furtiua condictio ipsorum corporum competit: sed utrum tamdiu, quamdiu exstent, an uero et si desierint esse in rebus humanis? et si quidem optulit fur, sine dubio nulla erit condictio: si non optulit, durat condictio aestimationis eius: corpus enim ipsum praestari non potest.
[THE SAME, in his twenty-seventh book on the Edict.] In the case of a stolen thing, the condictio lies for the physical objects themselves. But is this only so long as they exist, or indeed also if they have ceased to exist in human affairs? And if indeed the thief has offered the thing, without doubt there will be no condictio; if he has not offered it, the condictio for its valuation continues to exist, for the physical object itself cannot be delivered.
§13.1.8.1si ex causa furtiua res condicatur, cuius temporis aestimatio fiat, quaeritur.
If a thing is claimed by condictio on the ground of theft, it is asked at what time its valuation should be made.
placet tamen id tempus spectandum, quo res umquam plurimi fuit, maxime cum deteriorem rem factam fur dando non liberatur: semper enim moram fur facere uidetur.
Nevertheless, the prevailing view is that that time must be looked to at which the thing was ever at its highest value, especially since a thief is not released by delivering a thing that has been deteriorated; for a thief is always deemed to be in default.
§13.1.8.2Nouissime dicendum est etiam fructus in hac actione uenire.
Finally, it must be said that fruits also come into this action.

Notes

  1. 13.1.8.prdesierint esse in rebus humanis — Literally "to cease to exist among human affairs," this is an idiomatic expression meaning that the object has physically or legally perished (e.g., through the death of a slave or destruction of property).
  2. 13.1.8.1semper enim moram fur facere uidetur — This refers to the famous Roman law maxim "a thief is always in default" (semper fur in mora). Since the thief is deemed to be in default from the moment of the theft due to unlawful possession, he bears all risks of accidental destruction or deterioration, which justifies his liability for the highest value.
  3. 13.1.8.2in hac actione uenire — The verb uenire (to come) is used here in a legal sense meaning "to be included in" or "to fall under the scope of (the action)." It indicates that the recovery of fruits (fructus) is also coverable by the condictio.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §13.1.8.pr-13.1.8.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:13.1.8.pr-13.1.8.2

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