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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §12.7.5.pr-12.7.5.1

Recovery of Dowry Given for an Unlawful Marriage

Passage 2048 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Papinianus discusses cases where a dowry is given for an unlawful marriage (such as between an uncle and niece, or a stepmother and stepson) that does not take place, arguing that this constitutes a transfer without cause rather than for an immoral cause, thus allowing recovery.

[PAPINIANUS libro undecimo quaestionum. ] §12.7.5.prAuunculo nuptura pecuniam in dotem dedit neque nupsit: an eandem repetere possit, quaesitum est.
[PAPINIANUS, in his eleventh book of Questions.] A woman intending to marry her maternal uncle gave money as a dowry and did not marry. It was asked whether she could claim it back.
dixi, cum ob turpem causam dantis et accipientis pecunia numeretur, cessare condictionem et in delicto pari potiorem esse possessorem: quam rationem fortassis aliquem secutum respondere non habituram mulierem condictionem: sed recte defendi non turpem causam in proposito quam nullam fuisse, cum pecunia quae daretur in dotem conuerti nequiret: non enim stupri, sed matrimonii gratia datam esse.
I said that when money is paid on account of an immoral cause of both the giver and the receiver, the condictio ceases, and in equal guilt, the possessor is in the stronger position. Perhaps someone, following this reasoning, might answer that the woman will not have the condictio. But it is rightly maintained that in the case proposed there was not an immoral cause, but rather no cause at all, since the money which was given could not be converted into a dowry; for it was given not for the sake of illicit intercourse, but for the sake of marriage.
§12.7.5.1Nouerca priuigno, nurus socero pecuniam dotis nomine dedit neque nupsit.
A stepmother gave money under the name of a dowry to her stepson, or a daughter-in-law to her father-in-law, and did not marry.
cessare condictio prima facie uidetur, quoniam iure gentium incestum committitur: atquin uel magis in ea specie nulla causa dotis dandae fuit, condictio igitur competit.
At first sight, the condictio seems to fail, since incest is committed under the law of nations; yet all the more in that case there was no cause for giving a dowry, and therefore the condictio is available.

Notes

  1. §12.7.5.prquam rationem fortassis aliquem secutum respondere non habituram mulierem condictionem — Part of the indirect speech dependent on dixi. The phrase quam rationem is a connecting relative referring back to the preceding rule (the par delictum rule). secutum is a participle modifying aliquem, which is the subject accusative of the infinitive respondere. The clause non habituram [esse] mulierem condictionem is an accusative-and-infinitive construction depending on respondere.
  2. §12.7.5.prnon turpem causam in proposito quam nullam fuisse — The construction non ... quam ... (not so much ... as ... / not ... but rather ...) stands for non turpem causam fuisse, sed potius nullam [causam fuisse]. It is an accusative-and-infinitive clause functioning as the subject of defendi ("it is maintained"). This represents the key logical turn where the cause is redefined not as "immoral" (which would bar recovery) but as "non-existent" (since the legal marriage could not occur).

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §12.7.5.pr-12.7.5.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:12.7.5.pr-12.7.5.1

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