Humanitext Reader

Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §12.6.53.pr

Recovery of Money Paid to Satisfy an Invalid Will

Passage 2029 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

Proculus answers on how to recover money paid to satisfy a condition of an invalid will, distinguishing between when the slave paid from his peculium (the master recovers by an action in rem) and when a third party paid (the master recovers by a condictio, though it is better for the third party to recover it directly).

[PROCULUS libro septimo epistularum. ] §12.6.53.prDominus testamento seruo suo libertatem dedit, si decem det: seruo ignorante id testamentum non ualere data sunt mihi decem: quaeritur, quis repetere potest.
[PROCULUS, in the seventh book of Epistles.] A master by will granted freedom to his slave on condition that he give ten: while the slave was ignorant that the will was invalid, ten was paid to me; it is asked who can recover it.
Proculus respondit: si ipse seruus peculiares nummos dedit, cum ei a domino id permissum non esset, manent nummi domini eosque non per condictionem, sed in rem actione petere debet.
Proculus answered: if the slave himself paid coins from his peculium, although this had not been permitted to him by his master, the coins remain the property of the master, and he must claim them not by a condictio, but by an action in rem.
si autem alius rogatu serui suos nummos dedit, facti sunt mei eosque dominus serui, cuius nomine dati sunt, per condictionem petere potest: sed tam benignius quam utilius est recta uia ipsum qui nummos dedit suum recipere.
If, however, another person at the request of the slave paid his own coins, they became mine, and the master of the slave, in whose name they were paid, can claim them by a condictio; but it is as much more equitable as it is more practical that the very person who paid the coins should recover what is his by a direct path.

Notes

  1. 12.6.53.prseruo ignorante id testamentum non ualere — An ablative absolute construction where the subject is `seruo` ("while the slave was ignorant"). The object of the participle `ignorante` is the accusative with infinitive (A.C.I.) clause `id testamentum non ualere` ("that the will was invalid").
  2. 12.6.53.prmanent nummi domini — Since a slave cannot alienate his peculium to transfer ownership without the master's permission, the ownership of the coins "remains (manent) the master's." Consequently, they must be recovered by an action in rem based on ownership, rather than by a condictio.
  3. 12.6.53.prtam benignius quam utilius est — Although `tam ... quam` normally expresses an equal comparison with positive adjectives, here it is used with the comparative forms `benignius` and `utilius` to strongly emphasize that the course of action is "both more equitable and more practical." The subject of `est` is the infinitive clause `recta uia ... recipere`.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §12.6.53.pr. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:12.6.53.pr

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.