[IDEM libro uicensimo sexto ad edictum. ] §12.6.26.prSi non sortem quis, sed usuras indebitas soluit, repetere non poterit, si sortis debitae soluit: sed si supra legitimum modum soluit, diuus Seuerus rescripsit (quo iure utimur) repeti quidem non posse, sed sorti imputandum et, si postea sortem soluit, sortem quasi indebitam repeti posse.
[THE SAME, On the Edict, Book 26.] If a person pays not the principal, but interest which is not due, he cannot recover it if he paid it as interest on a due principal; but if he paid above the lawful limit, the divine Severus wrote in a rescript (which is the law we use) that indeed it cannot be recovered, but must be credited to the principal, and if he afterwards pays the principal, the principal can be recovered as not due.
proinde et si ante sors fuerit soluta, usurae supra legitimum modum solutae quasi sors indebita repetuntur.
Consequently, even if the principal was paid beforehand, interest paid above the lawful limit is recovered like a principal that was not due.
quid si simul soluerit? poterit dici et tunc repetitionem locum habere.
What if he paid them simultaneously? It can be said that even then recovery has a place.
§12.6.26.1Supra duplum autem usurae et usurarum usurae nec in stipulatum deduci nec exigi possunt et solutae repetuntur, quemadmodum futurarum usurarum usurae.
But interest exceeding double the principal and interest on interest can neither be included in a stipulation nor exacted, and if paid, they can be recovered, just like interest on future interest.
§12.6.26.2Si quis falso se sortem debere credens usuras soluerit, potest condicere nec uidetur sciens indebitum soluisse.
If anyone, falsely believing that he owes the principal, pays interest, he can bring an action for recovery (condictio), and he is not deemed to have knowingly paid what was not due.
§12.6.26.3Indebitum autem solutum accipimus non solum si omnino non debeatur, sed et si per aliquam exceptionem perpetuam peti non poterat: quare hoc quoque repeti poterit, nisi sciens se tutum exceptione soluit.
Moreover, we accept that what is not due is paid not only if it is not owed at all, but also if it could not be demanded because of some perpetual exception; therefore, this also can be recovered, unless he paid knowingly, being protected by the exception.
§12.6.26.4Si centum debens, quasi ducenta deberem, fundum ducentorum solui, competere repetitionem Marcellus libro uicensimo digestorum scribit et centum manere stipulationem: licet enim placuit rem pro pecunia solutam parere liberationem, tamen si ex falsa debiti quantitate maioris pretii res soluta est, non fit confusio partis rei cum pecunia (nemo enim inuitus compellitur ad communionem), sed et condictio integrae rei manet et obligatio incorrupta: ager autem retinebitur, donec debita pecunia soluatur.
If, owing one hundred, as if I owed two hundred, I have paid an estate worth two hundred, Marcellus writes in the twentieth book of his Digests that the recovery is competent, and that the stipulation for one hundred remains; for although it has been accepted that a thing given instead of money effects a release, yet if a thing of greater value is paid because of a false amount of debt, no confusion of a part of the thing with the money occurs (for no one is compelled to enter into co-ownership against his will), but both the action for recovery of the entire thing remains and the obligation is unimpaired; the land, however, will be retained until the money due is paid.
§12.6.26.5Idem Marcellus ait, si pecuniam debens oleum dederit pluris pretii quasi plus debens, uel cum oleum deberet, oleum dederit quasi maiorem modum debens, superfluum olei esse repetendum, non totum et ob hoc peremptam esse obligationem.
The same Marcellus says that if a debtor of money has given oil of higher value as if owing more, or when he owed oil, has given oil as if owing a greater measure, the excess of the oil is to be recovered, not the whole, and by this the obligation is extinguished.
§12.6.26.6Idem Marcellus adicit, si, cum fundi pars mihi deberetur, quasi totus deberetur aestimatione facta, solutio pecuniae solidi pretii fundi facta sit, repeti posse non totum pretium, sed partis indebitae pretium.
The same Marcellus adds that if, when a part of an estate was owed to me, as if the whole were owed, an valuation was made, and the payment of the money of the entire price of the estate was made, not the whole price, but the price of the part not due can be recovered.
§12.6.26.7Adeo autem perpetua exceptio parit condictionem, ut Iulianus libro decimo scripsit, si emptor fundi damnauerit heredem suum, ut uenditorem nexu uenditi liberaret, mox uenditor ignorans rem tradiderit, posse eum fundum condicere: idemque et si debitorem suum damnauerit liberare et ille ignorans soluerit.
Moreover, a perpetual exception so far gives rise to an action for recovery that Julian wrote in his tenth book that if the buyer of an estate has charged his heir to release the seller from the bond of sale, and soon after the seller, being ignorant of this, has delivered the property, he can bring an action for recovery of the estate; and the same applies if he has charged his heir to release his debtor, and the latter has paid in ignorance.
§12.6.26.8Qui filio familias soluerit, cum esset eius peculiaris debitor, si quidem ignorauit ademptum ei peculium, liberatur: si scit et soluit, condictionem non habet, quia sciens indebitum soluit.
He who has paid to a son-in-power, when he was a debtor of his peculium, if indeed he was ignorant that the peculium had been taken away from him, is released; if he knows and pays, he has no action for recovery, because he knowingly paid what was not due.
§12.6.26.9Filius familias contra Macedonianum mutuatus si soluerit et patri suo heres effectus uelit uindicare nummos, exceptione summouebitur a uindicatione nummorum.
If a son-in-power, having borrowed money contrary to the Macedonian Senatusconsultum, has paid it, and having become heir to his father, wishes to claim the coins by vindication, he will be barred from the vindication of the coins by an exception.
§12.6.26.10Si quis quasi ex compromisso condemnatus falso soluerit, repetere potest.
If anyone, having been condemned as if under a submission to arbitration, has falsely paid, he can recover.
§12.6.26.11Hereditatis uel bonorum possessori, si quidem defendat hereditatem, indebitum solutum condici poterit: si uero is non defendat, etiam debitum solutum repeti potest.
From a possessor of an inheritance or of property, if indeed he defends the inheritance, what was paid when not due can be recovered; but if he does not defend it, even what was due and paid can be recovered.