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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §11.1.16.pr-11.1.16.1

False Answers on Captured Slaves and Confessions of Others' Slaves

Passage 1762 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This chunk discusses whether liability for a noxal action arises when an incorrect answer is given regarding a slave captured by enemies, and establishes that a person who confesses to owning another's slave is only liable if they could have acquired ownership of him.

[ULPIANUS libro trigensimo septimo ad edictum. ] §11.1.16.prSi seruus ab hostibus captus sit, de quo quis in iure interrogatus responderit in sua potestate esse, quamuis iura postliminiorum possint efficere dubitare nos, adtamen non puto locum esse noxali actioni, quia non est in nostra potestate.
[ULPIAN, from the thirty-seventh book on the Edict.] If a slave should be captured by enemies, concerning whom someone, upon being interrogated in court, answered that the slave was in his power, although the laws of postliminium might make us hesitate, nevertheless I do not think there is room for a noxal action, because he is not in our power.
§11.1.16.1Quamquam autem placet etiam eum teneri, qui alienum seruum suum fassus esset, adtamen rectissime placuit eum demum teneri, qui suum potuit habere, ceterum, si dominium quaerere non potuit, non teneri.
However, although it is accepted that even he who confessed another's slave to be his own is liable, nevertheless it was most rightly accepted that he only is liable who was able to have the slave as his own, but on the other hand, if he could not acquire ownership, he is not liable.

Notes

  1. §11.1.16.priura postliminiorum possint efficere dubitare nos — The relative clause "de quo... responderit" is embedded within the conditional clause "Si seruus... captus sit", with the main clause being "adtamen non puto...". "iura postliminiorum" (laws of postliminium) refers to the legal doctrine where Roman citizens or property captured by enemies recover their former legal status upon return. Although this potential recovery might cause "doubt" (dubitare) about the liability, since the slave is factually not in power at present, a noxal action is ruled out.
  2. §11.1.16.1eum demum teneri, qui suum potuit habere — "eum demum... qui..." expresses limitation ("only he who..."). The accusative with infinitive "eum... teneri" serves as the subject of the impersonal verb "placuit" (it was accepted/resolved). Even if someone falsely confesses that another's slave is his own, if he is in a position where he could not legally acquire ownership of that slave (due to incapacity or other legal impossibility), he is not held liable in a noxal action.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §11.1.16.pr-11.1.16.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:11.1.16.pr-11.1.16.1

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