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Justinian I · The Digest of Justinian §10.2.22.pr-10.2.22.5

Adjudication and Performances in Inheritance Partition

Passage 1659 of 9271 · Latin

Summary

This chunk discusses the scope and operation of the action for partitioning an inheritance, covering an heir's discovery of treasure, the judge's methods of awarding property (pre-legacies, bidding, and boundary division), the imposition of servitudes, and the inclusion of performances (even for things held by the enemy).

[ULPIANUS libro nono decimo ad edictum. ] §10.2.22.prItem Labeo scribit, si unus heredum thensaurum relictum a testatore effodit, familiae erciscundae iudicio eum teneri, etsi cum extraneo conscio partitus sit.
[ULPIAN, On the Edict, book 19] Likewise, Labeo writes that if one of the heirs digs up a treasure left by the testator, he is liable under the action for partitioning an inheritance, even if he has shared it with an outsider who was aware of it.
§10.2.22.1Familiae erciscundae iudex ita potest pluribus eandem rem adiudicare, si aut pluribus fuerit unius rei praeceptio relicta (ubi etiam necessitate facere Pomponius scribit, ut pluribus adiudicetur) uel si certam partem unicuique coheredum adsignet: sed potest etiam licitatione admissa uni rem adiudicare:
The judge in an action for partitioning an inheritance can award the same thing to several heirs only in this way: if either a pre-legacy of a single thing was left to several persons (in which case Pomponius writes that the judge does so even out of necessity, so that it is awarded to several), or if he assigns a specific share to each of the co-heirs; but he can also, by admitting bidding, award the thing to a single person.
§10.2.22.2Sed et regionibus diuisum fundum posse adiudicare secundum diuisionem nemo dubitauerit.
But no one would doubt that he can also award a tract of land divided by boundaries in accordance with that division.
§10.2.22.3Sed etiam cum adiudicat, poterit imponere aliquam seruitutem, ut alium alii seruum faciat ex is quos adiudicat: sed si pure alii adiudicauerit fundum, alium adiudicando amplius seruitutem imponere non poterit.
Moreover, when he makes an award, he will be able to impose some servitude, so as to make one of the properties he awards subject to another; but if he has awarded a tract of land to one person unconditionally, he will not be able, in awarding another tract, to impose a servitude furthermore.
§10.2.22.4Familiae erciscundae iudicium ex duobus constat, id est rebus atque praestationibus, quae sunt personales actiones.
The action for partitioning an inheritance consists of two parts, that is, things and performances, which are personal actions.
§10.2.22.5Papinianus de re quae apud hostes est Marcellum reprehendit, quod non putat in praestationes eius rei uenire in familiae erciscundae iudicium, quae apud hostes est.
Regarding a thing which is in the hands of the enemy, Papinian criticizes Marcellus because the latter does not think that performances concerning that thing which is in the hands of the enemy come into the action for partitioning an inheritance.
quid enim impedimentum est rei praestationem uenire, cum et ipsa ueniat
For what hindrance is there to the performance concerning the thing coming into it, when the thing itself also comes into it?

Notes

  1. §10.2.22.prfamiliae erciscundae iudicio eum teneri — An accusative with infinitive construction (AcI) depending on the verb `scribit`, where `eum` is the subject accusative and `teneri` is the passive infinitive. `familiae erciscundae iudicio` is an ablative of instrument or means ('by the action for partitioning an inheritance').
  2. §10.2.22.1ita... si — The correlation between the adverb `ita` ('in this way', 'on this condition') and the conditional clause introduced by `si` ('if') expresses a restrictive condition: 'can award... only in this way, namely, if...'.
  3. §10.2.22.3alium alii seruum faciat — The noun `seruus` ('slave') is used metaphorically in the context of real property law, meaning to make one estate (servient tenement) subject to a servitude in favor of another estate (dominant tenement). The noun `fundum` ('tract of land') is understood from the context.

Cite this passage

Justinian I, The Digest of Justinian §10.2.22.pr-10.2.22.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:10.2.22.pr-10.2.22.5

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