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Suetonius · Vespasian §3-4

Marriage, Military Commands, and Appointment to Judea

Passage 2 of 7 · Latin

Summary

This chunk covers Vespasian's marriage to Flavia Domitilla and subsequent domestic life, his military and administrative advancements under Claudius and Nero, and his eventual appointment to lead the war in Judea due to his proven ability and non-threatening social background.

§3Inter haec Flauiam Domitillam duxit uxorem, Statili Capellae equitis R. Sabratensis ex Africa delicatam olim Latinaeque condicionis, sed mox ingenuam et ciuem Rom. reciperatorio iudicio pronuntiatam, patre asserente Flauio Liberale Ferenti genito nec quicquam amplius quam quaestorio scriba.
During these events, he married Flavia Domitilla, who had once been the mistress of Statilius Capella, a Roman knight of Sabrata from Africa, and of Latin status, but was soon declared freeborn and a Roman citizen by a recovery court, her father Flavius Liberalis, born at Ferentium and nothing more than a quaestor's scribe, asserting her freedom.
ex hac liberos tulit Titum et Domitianum et Domitillam.
By her he had children, Titus, Domitian, and Domitilla.
uxori ac filiae superstes fuit atque utramque adhuc priuatus amisit.
He outlived his wife and daughter, losing both while still a private citizen.
post uxoris excessum Caenidem, Antoniae libertam et a manu, dilectam quondam sibi reuocauit in contubernium habuitque etiam imperator paene iustae uxoris loco.
After the death of his wife, he recalled to cohabitation Caenis, the freedwoman and secretary of Antonia, whom he had formerly loved, and held her, even when emperor, almost in the place of a lawful wife.
§4Claudio principe Narcissi gratia legatus legionis in Germaniam missus est; inde in Britanniam translatus tricies cum hoste conflixit.
In the reign of Claudius, by the favor of Narcissus, he was sent to Germany as a legionary commander; thence transferred to Britain, he fought thirty times with the enemy.
duas ualidissimas gentes superque uiginti oppida et insulam Vectem Britanniae proximam in dicionem redegit partim Auli Plauti legati consularis partim Claudi ipsius ductu.
He brought under subjection two most powerful nations, more than twenty towns, and the Isle of Wight closest to Britain, partly under the leadership of Aulus Plautius, the consular legate, and partly under that of Claudius himself.
quare triumphalia ornamenta et in breui spatio duplex sacerdotium accepit, praeterea consulatum, quem gessit per duos nouissimos anni menses.
For this reason he received triumphal decorations, a double priesthood within a short space, and furthermore the consulship, which he held for the last two months of the year.
medium tempus ad proconsulatum usque in otio secessuque egit, Agrippinam timens potentem adhuc apud filium et defuncti quoque Narcissi amici perosam.
The intervening time until his proconsulship he spent in leisure and retirement, fearing Agrippina, who was still powerful with her son and deeply hated the friends of the deceased Narcissus as well.
Exim sortitus Africam integerrime nec sine magna dignatione administrauit, nisi quod Hadrumeti seditione quadam rapa in eum iacta sunt.
Thereafter, having obtained Africa by lot, he administered it with the utmost integrity and not without great esteem, except that at Hadrumetum during a certain riot turnips were thrown at him.
rediit certe nihilo opulentior, ut qui prope labefactata iam fide omnia praedia fratri obligaret necessarioque ad mangonicos quaestus sustinendae dignitatis causa descenderit; propter quod uulgo mulio uocabatur.
He certainly returned not a bit richer, so that, with his credit already almost ruined, he mortgaged all his estates to his brother and was forced to descend to beast-trading businesses for the sake of maintaining his dignity; on this account he was commonly called a muleteer.
conuictus quoque dicitur ducenta sestertia expressisse iuueni, cui latum clauum aduersus patris uoluntatem impetrarat, eoque nomine grauiter increpitus.
He is also said to have extorted two hundred thousand sesterces from a young man for whom he had obtained the broad stripe against his father's will, and to have been severely censured on that charge.
Peregrinatione Achaica inter comites Neronis cum cantante eo aut discederet saepius aut praesens obdormisceret, grauissimam contraxit offensam, prohibitusque non contubernio modo sed etiam publica salutatione secessit in paruam ac deuiam ciuitatem, quoad latenti etiamque extrema metuenti prouincia cum exercitu oblata est.
During the journey to Achaea, being among the companions of Nero, since he either left too frequently while Nero was singing or fell asleep in his presence, he incurred the heaviest displeasure, and, excluded not only from close association but even from public greeting, he retired to a small and remote town, until a province with an army was offered to him while he was in hiding and fearing even the worst.
Percrebruerat Oriente toto uetus et constans opinio esse in fatis ut eo tempore Iudaea profecti rerum potirentur.
An ancient and constant opinion had spread throughout the whole East that it was in the fates that at that time those departing from Judea should obtain control of affairs.
id de imperatore Romano, quantum postea euentu paruit, praedictum Iudaei ad se trahentes rebellarunt caesoque praeposito legatum insuper Syriae consularem suppetias ferentem rapta aquila fugauerunt.
This prophecy about a Roman emperor, as it afterwards became clear by the event, the Jews applied to themselves and rebelled, and having killed their governor, they moreover routed the consular legate of Syria who was bringing aid, capturing the eagle.
ad hunc motum comprimendum cum exercitu ampliore et non instrenuo duce, cui tamen tuto tanta res committeretur, opus esset, ipse potissimum delectus est ut et industriae expertae nec metuendus ullo modo ob humilitatem generis ac nominis.
When there was need for a larger army and an active commander, to whom nevertheless so great a matter could be safely entrusted, to suppress this movement, he was chosen above all, as being both of tried industry and in no way to be feared on account of the obscurity of his family and name.
additis igitur ad copias duabus legionibus, octo alis, cohortibus decem, atque inter legatos maiore filio assumpto, ut primum prouinciam attigit, proximas quoque conuertit in se, correcta statim castrorum disciplina, unoque et altero proelio tam constanter inito, ut in oppugnatione castelli lapidis ictum genu scutoque sagittas aliquot exceperit.
Having therefore added two legions, eight squadrons, and ten cohorts to the forces, and having taken his elder son among his legates, as soon as he reached the province, he turned the neighboring regions also toward himself, immediately reforming the discipline of the camp, and entering upon one or two battles with such constancy that in the siege of a fortress he received a blow of a stone on his knee and several arrows in his shield.

Notes

  1. §3asserente — The verb 'asserente' in 'patre asserente' is a technical term from Roman law, 'asserere aliquem in libertatem', which means to legally claim or declare someone's status as freeborn. Here, it refers to her father, Flavius Liberalis, legally asserting her free status in court.
  2. §4ut qui — The relative clause introduced by 'ut qui' (taking the subjunctives 'obligaret' and 'descenderit') expresses the reason or result based on the character or circumstances of the subject (being such a person that he did so). It explains why he was forced into mortgages and low trades due to his financial ruin.
  3. §4industriae expertae — In the phrase 'ut et industriae expertae nec metuendus', following 'ut' (as, because), a genitive of quality ('industriae expertae', of tried industry) and a gerundive used as an adjective ('metuendus', to be feared) are placed in an asymmetrical coordination with 'et... nec...'.

Cite this passage

Suetonius, Vespasian §3-4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo020.humanitext-lat2:3-4

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