Humanitext Reader

Seneca the Younger · Hercules on Oeta §1364-1448

Hercules Begs for Death and His Fevered Sleep

Passage 16 of 22 · Latin

Summary

Hercules begs for death in his agony, asserting his endurance against all physical trials. Alcmene fears his madness and orders his weapons removed; after he falls asleep, Hyllus laments his parents' tragic fate, but Hercules wakes from a vision of apotheosis back into painful reality.

§1364in ipsa me iactate.
Hercules: Throw me into [the fire] itself!
pro comites, freta §1365mediosque in amnes— quis;
Oh companions, [throw me] into the seas and into the middle of rivers—which?
sat est Hister mihi?
Is the Hister enough for me?
§1366non ipse terris maior Oceanus meos §1367franget vapores, omnis in nostris malis §1368deficiet umor, omnis arescet latex.
Not Ocean itself, greater than the earth, will break my burning heat; all moisture will fail in my evils, every liquid will dry up.
§1369quid, rector Erebi, me remittebas Iovi?
Why, ruler of Erebus, did you send me back to Jupiter?
§1370decuit tenere; redde me tenebris tuis, §1371talem subactis Herculem ostende inferis.
It was fitting to hold me; return me to your darkness, show such a Hercules to the conquered underworld.
§1372nil inde ducam, quid times iterum Herculem?
I will lead nothing away from there; why do you fear Hercules a second time?
§1373invade, mors, non trepida: iam possum mori.
Assail me, death, undaunted: now I can die.
§1374Compesce lacrimas saltem et aerumnas doma §1375malisque tantis Herculem indomitum refer §1376mortemque differ: quos soles, vince inferos.
Alcmene: Restrain your tears at least, and master your distresses, and restore Hercules unsubdued by such great evils, and defer death: conquer the underworld as you are wont to do.
§1377Si me catenis horridus vinctum suis §1378praeberet avidae Caucasus volucri dapem. §1379Scythia gemente flebilis gemitus mihi §1380non excidisset; si vagae Symplegades §1381utraque premerent rupe. redeuntis minax §1382ferrem ruinas; Pindus incumbat mihi §1383atque Haemus et qui Thracios fluctus Athos §1384frangit Iovisque fulmen excipiens Mimas: §1385non ipse si in me, mater, hic mundus ruat §1386superque nostros flagret incensus toros §1387Phoebeus axis, degener mentem Herculis §1388clamor domaret; mille decurrant ferae §1389pariterque Iacerent, hinc feris clangoribus §1390aetheria me Stymphalis, hinc taurus minax §1391cervice tota pulset et quicquid fuit §1392solum quoque ingens; surgat hinc illinc nemus §1393artusque nostros durus immittat Sinis: §1394sparsus silebo— non ferae excutient mihi, §1395non arma gemitus, nil quod impelli potest.
Hercules: If dreadful Caucasus held me bound by its chains to provide a feast for the greedy bird, while Scythia groaned, a tearful groan from me would not have escaped; if the wandering Symplegades crushed me with both their cliffs, threatening I would bear the ruins of them returning together; let Pindus weigh upon me, and Haemus, and Athos which breaks the Thracian waves, and Mimas, which receives the thunderbolt of Jupiter: not even if this very universe should collapse upon me, mother, and, set on fire, the Phoeban axis should blaze over my bed, would a cry, degenerate to the mind of Hercules, subdue me; let a thousand beasts run down at once and tear me together; from here let the ethereal Stymphalian bird with wild clangor, from there let the threatening bull strike me with his whole neck, and whatever huge beast there was on the earth as well; let a forest rise on this side and that, and let hard Sinis bend and release [the trees] to tear my limbs: scattered in pieces, I will keep silent—neither beasts nor weapons will wrench a groan from me, nor anything that can be driven.
§1396Non virus artus, nate, femineum coquit, §1397sed dura series operis et longus tibi §1398pavit cruentos forsitan morbos labor.
Alcmene: It is not a woman's poison, son, that burns your limbs, but the hard sequence of labors, and perhaps long toil nourished bloody diseases for you.
§1399Vbi morbus, ubinam est? estne adhuc aliquid mali
Hercules: Where is the disease, where indeed is it? Is there still any evil left in the world with me?
§1400in orbe mecum? veniat, huc aliquis mihi §1401intendat arcus: nuda sufficiet manus.
Let it come; let someone aim a bow at me here: my bare hand will suffice.
§1402procedat agedum huc.
Come, let it step forward here!
§1402bEi mihi.
Alcmene: Woe is me!
sensum quoque §1403excussit illi nimius impulsu dolor.
Too much pain has shaken even his senses from him by its onset.
§1404removete quaeso tela et infestas precor §1405rapite hinc sagittas: igne suffuso genae §1406scelus minantur; quas petam latebras anus?
Remove, I beg, his weapons, and I pray, snatch away the dangerous arrows from here: his cheeks, suffused with fire, threaten some crime; what hiding place shall I, an old woman, seek?
§1407dolor iste furor est: Herculem solus domat.
That pain of his is madness: it alone subdues Hercules.
§1408cur deinde latebras aut fugam vaecors petam?
Why then should I, frantic, seek hiding places or flight?
§1409obire forti meruit Alcmene manu: §1410vel scelere pereat, antequam letum mihi §1411ignavus aliquis mandat ac turpis manus
Alcmene deserved to die by a brave hand: let her perish even by a crime, before some cowardly and base hand inflicts death on me, or a vile hand triumphs over me.
§1412de me triumphat, ecce lassatus malis §1413sopore fessas alligat venas dolor §1414gravique anhelum pectus impulsu quatit.
Behold, exhausted by evils, pain binds his weary veins in sleep, and shakes his panting breast with heavy throb.
§1415favete, superi, si mihi gnatum indutum §1416miserae negastis, vindicem saltem precor §1417servate terris, abeat excussus dolor §1418corpusque vires reparet Herculeum suas.
Be favorable, gods above: if you denied me, a wretched mother, an unharmed son, at least preserve the avenger for the earth, I pray; let his pain be driven away and depart, and let the body of Hercules recover its strength.
§1419Pro lux acerba, pro capax scelerum dies!
Hyllus: Alas, bitter light! Alas, day capable of [bearing] crimes!
§1420nurus Tonantis occidit, natus iacet, §1421nepos supersum; scelere materno hic perit, §1422fraude illa capta est— quis per annorum vices §1423totoque in aevo poterit aerumnas senex
The daughter-in-law of the Thunderer has died, his son lies low, I, the grandson, survive; he perishes by a mother's crime, she was caught by a trick—who, through the changes of years and in a whole lifetime, though an old man, could relate such great distresses?
§1424referre tantas? unus eripuit dies §1425parentem utrumque; cetera ut sileam mala §1426parcamque fatis: Herculem amitto patrem.
A single day has snatched away both parents; though I remain silent about other evils and spare the fates: I am losing my father Hercules.
§1427Compesce voces, indutum Alcidae genus §1428miseraeque fato similis Alcmenae nepos: §1429longus dolorem forsitan vincet sopor.
Alcmene: Restrain your voice, renowned offspring of Alcides, and grandson similar in fate to wretched Alcmene: perhaps a long sleep will conquer his pain.
§1430sed ecce, lassam deserit mentem quies §1431redditque morbo corpus et luctum mihi.
But behold, quietness deserts his weary mind, and restores his body to the disease, and grief to me.
§1432Quid hoc? rigent! cernitur Trachin iugo, §1433en inter astra positus evasi genus §1434mortale tandem, quis mihi caelum parat?
Hercules: What is this? They are stiff! Trachis is seen on its ridge, lo, placed among the stars, I have escaped at last the mortal race. Who prepares heaven for me?
§1435te te, pater, iam video, placatam quoque §1436specto novercam.
You, yes you, father, I now see; and I behold also my stepmother appeased.
quis sonus nostras ferit §1437caelestis aures? Iuno me generum vocat.
What heavenly sound strikes our ears? Juno calls me her son-in-law.
§1438video nitentem regiam clari aetheris §1439Phoebique tritam flammea zonam rota.
I see the shining palace of the bright ether and the path worn by Phoebus' flaming wheel.
§1440cubile video Noctis; hinc tenebrae volant.
I see the couch of Night; from here darkness flies.
§1441quid hoc? quis arcem cludit et ab ipsis, pater, §1442deducit astris? ora Phoebeus modo §1443afflabat axis, iam prope a caelo fui— §1444Trachina video; quis mihi terras dedit?
What is this? Who closes the citadel and leads me down, father, from the very stars? Just now the Phoeban chariot was breathing on my face, I was already close to heaven— I see Trachis; who gave me back to the earth?
§1445Oete modo infra steterat ac totus fuit §1446suppositus orbis; quam bene excideras, dolor!
Mount Oeta had just stood below me, and the whole world was placed beneath me; how well you had slipped away, pain!
§1447cogis fateri— parce et hanc vocem occupa.
You force me to confess [it]—spare me, and prevent this voice.
§1448hoc, Hylle, dona matris hoc munus parant.
This, Hyllus, the gifts of your mother, this present prepares [for me].

Notes

  1. 1364in ipsa — The feminine pronoun implicitly refers to `flamma` (or `zona`) mentioned in the preceding lines, forming an elliptical phrase meaning "into [the flame/zone] itself."
  2. 1415indutum — The manuscript reading `indutum` ("clothed") is semantically odd here; modern scholarship widely accepts the emendation to `incolumem` ("unharmed," "safe"), which fits the mother's wish for her son's safety. The translations reflect this emended interpretation.
  3. 1427indutum — As with line 1415, `indutum` is highly suspect and commonly regarded as a corruption of `inclutum` ("renowned," "glorious"), which serves as an appropriate epithet for the lineage of Alcides.
  4. 1432rigent! — The subject is omitted, but `artus` ("limbs") is understood from the context of Hercules' physical paralysis. It functions as an exclamation: "They [my limbs] are stiff!" Alternatively, some editors read it as an adjective modifying `iugo` (`rigente... iugo`).

Cite this passage

Seneca the Younger, Hercules on Oeta §1364-1448. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi009.humanitext-lat2:1364-1448

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.