Humanitext Reader

Seneca the Younger · Agamemnon §634-733

Recollection of Troy's Fall and Cassandra's Prophetic Frenzy

Passage 8 of 11 · Latin

Summary

In response to the chorus's lament recalling the night of Troy's fall, Cassandra declares that having lost everything, she has overcome even the fear of the gods. Soon, she is seized again by a prophetic frenzy, envisioning the judgment of Paris and the impending ruin.

§634saepe commotae sonuere parmae §635tacitumque murmur percussit aures, §636ut fremuit male subdolo §637parens Pyrrhus Vlixi.
Often the shaken shields resounded and a silent murmur struck our ears, as Pyrrhus, obeying extremely cunning Ulysses, grumbled with ill-will.
§638Secura metus Troica pubes §639sacros gaudet tangere funes, §640hinc aequaevi gregis Astyanax, §641hinc Haemonio desponsa rogo §642aducunt turmas, §642bhaec femineas, ille viriles.
The Trojan youth, free from fear, rejoice to touch the sacred ropes, here Astyanax from the crowd of his peers, there she who was betrothed to the Haemonian pyre lead the troops, she the female ones, he the male.
§643festae matres votiva ferunt §644munera divis: §645festi patres adeunt aras, §646unus tota est vultus in urbe; §647et, quod numquam post Hectoreos §648vidimus ignes, laeta est Hecuba.
Festal mothers bring votive gifts to the gods; festal fathers approach the altars, there is but one expression in the whole city; and, what we never saw after Hector’s funeral pyre, Hecuba is joyful.
§649quid nunc primum, dolor infelix, §650quidve extremum deflere paras?
What first, unhappy grief, or what last do you prepare to lament?
§651moenia, divum fabricata manu, §652diruta nostra?
The walls, built by the hand of the gods, demolished by our own?
§653an templa deos super usta suos?
Or the temples burned over their own gods?
§654non vacat istis lacrimare malis: §655te, magne parens, flent Iliades.
There is no leisure to weep for those evils: for you, great father, the Trojan women weep.
§656vidi, vidi §657senis in iugulo telum Pyrrhi §658vix exiguo sanguine tingui.
I saw, I saw the weapon of Pyrrhus in the throat of the old man, scarcely stained with his scanty blood.
§659Cohibete lacrimas omne quas tempus petet, §660Troades, et ipsae vestra lamentabili §661lugete gemitu funera: aerumnae meae §662socium recusant, cladibus questus meis §663removete, nostris ipsa sufficiam malis.
Restrain your tears, which all time will demand, Trojan women, and do you yourselves with lamentable groaning mourn your own dead: my misfortunes refuse a companion; remove your complaints from my disasters, I myself shall suffice for my own evils.
§664Lacrimas lacrimis miscere iuvat: §665magis exurunt quos secretae §666lacerant curae, iuvat in medium §667deflere suos; nec tu, quamvis §668dura virago patiensque mali, §669poteris tantas flere ruinas, §670non quae verno mobile carmen §671ramo cantat tristis aedon §672Ityn in varios modulata sonos, §673non quae tectis Bistonis ales §674residens summis impia diri §675furta mariti garrula narrat, §676lugere tuam poterit digne §677conquesta domum, licet ipse velit §678clarus niveos inter olores §679Histrum cycnus Tanainque colens §680extrema loqui, licet alcyones §681Ceyca suum fluctu leviter §682plangente sonent, cum tranquillo §683male confisae credunt iterum §684pelago audaces fetusque suos §685nido pavidae titubante fovent; §686non si molles comitata viros §687tristis Iaceret bracchia tecum §688quae turritae turba parenti §689pectora, rauco concita buxo, §690ferit ut Phrygium lugeat Attin,
It is a comfort to mingle tears with tears: those whom secret cares tear apart are burned more; it is a comfort to weep for one's own in common; nor will you, though a hardy heroine and patient of evil, be able to weep for such great ruins alone, not even if the sad nightingale, who sings her changeful song on a spring branch, modulating her voice to various sounds for Itys, nor the Bistonian bird who, resting on the highest roofs, tells the impious and secret deeds of her cruel husband with her chattering, will be able to mourn your home worthily, though even the bright swan, dwelling among snow-white companions on the Danube and Tanais, should wish to sing his last words, though the halcyons should sound their Ceyx in the gently beating wave, when, distrustful of the calm sea, they boldly trust it again and, trembling, cherish their offspring in their unsteady nest; nor if the sad crowd, accompanying the soft men, should beat their arms with you, which strikes their breasts for the turreted mother, aroused by the hoarse boxwood pipe, to mourn Phrygian Attis.
§691non est lacrimis, Cassandra, modus, §692quia quae patimur vicere modum.
There is no limit to tears, Cassandra, because what we suffer has surpassed all limit.
§693Sed cur sacratas deripis capiti infulas?
But why do you strip the sacred headbands from your head?
§694miseris colendos maxime superos putem.
I should think the gods above ought most to be worshipped by the miserable.
§695CASS, Vicere nostra iam metus omnis mala.
CASS, My evils have already conquered all fear.
§696equidem nec ulla caelites placo prece §697nec, si velint saevire, quo noceant habent.
Indeed, I do not appease the heavenly ones with any prayer, nor, if they should wish to rage, do they have any means to do harm.
§698Fortuna vires ipsa consumpsit suas.
Fortune itself has consumed its own strength.
§699quae patria restat, quis pater, quae iam soror?
What homeland remains, what father, what sister now?
§700bibere tumuli sanguinem atque arae meum.
Tombs and altars have already drunk my blood.
§701quid illa felix turba fraterni gregis?
What of that happy crowd of my brothers?
§702exhausta nempe: regia miseri senes §703vacua relicti, totque per thalamos vident §704praeter Lacaenam ceteras viduas nurus, §705tot illa regum mater et regimen Phrygum, §706fecunda in ignes Hecuba fatorum novas §707experta leges induit vultus feros: §708circa ruinas rabida latravit suas, §709Troiae superstes, Hectori, Priamo, sibi.
Exhausted, surely: the wretched old king and queen are left in an empty palace, and through so many bridal chambers they see, except for the Spartan woman, all the other widowed daughters-in-law, and Hecuba, that mother of so many kings and ruler of the Phrygians, fertile for the funeral pyres, having experienced new laws of the fates, has put on a wild countenance: she barked fiercely around her own ruins, surviving Troy, Hector, Priam, and herself.
§710Silet repente Phoebas et pallor genas §711creberque totum possidet corpus tremor; §712stetere vittae, mollis horrescit coma, §713anhela corda murmure incluso fremunt, §714incerta nutant lumina et versi retro §715torquentur oculi, rursus immoti rigent.
Suddenly the priestess of Phoebus is silent, and pallor possesses her cheeks, and a constant trembling seizes her whole body; her headbands stand erect, her soft hair bristles, her gasping heart groans with a confined murmur, her uncertain eyes wander, and turned backward her eyes are twisted, and again they stiffen, motionless.
§716nunc levat in auras altior solito caput §717graditurque celsa, nunc reluctantis parat §718reserare fauces, verba nunc clauso male §719custodit ore maenaa impatiens dei.
Now she lifts her head into the air, higher than usual, and walks loftily; now she prepares to open her reluctant throat; now she poorly keeps the words in her closed mouth, a maenad impatient of the god.
§720Quid me furoris incitam stimulis novi §721quid mentis inopem, sacra Parnasi iuga,
Why do you snatch me away, sacred peaks of Parnassus, excited by new stings of madness, and deprived of my mind?
§722rapitis? recede, Phoebe, iam non sum tua, §723extingue flammas pectori infixas meo.
Depart, Phoebus, I am no longer yours; extinguish the flames fixed in my breast.
§724cui nunc vagor vaesana? cui bacchor furens?
For whom do I now wander madly? For whom do I rage?
§725iam Troia cecidit— falsa quid vates ago?
Troy has already fallen—why do I act as a false prophetess?
§726Vbi sum? fugit lux alma et obscurat genas
Where am I?
§727nox alta et aether abditus tenebris latet,
The nurturing light flees, and deep night darkens my cheeks, and the ether lies hidden, buried in darkness.
§728sed ecce gemino sole praefulget dies §729geminumque duplices Argos attollit domus.
But behold, a day shines bright with a double sun, and a double Argolis raises two houses.
§730Idaea cerno nemora: fatalis sedet §731inter potentes arbiter pastor deas.
I see the groves of Ida: the fatal shepherd sits as arbiter among powerful goddesses.
§732timete reges, moneo, furtivum genus: §733agrestis iste alumnus evertet domum,
Fear, O kings, I warn you, the stolen offspring: that rustic foster-son will overturn the house.

Notes

  1. §636-637male subdolo parens Pyrrhus Vlixi — The adverb 'male' functions as an intensifier modifying the following adjective 'subdolo', meaning 'extremely cunning' or 'exceedingly treacherous'. 'parens' is the present participle of 'parere' (to obey), indicating Pyrrhus (nominative) obeying Ulysses (dative, 'Vlixi'). Thus, the phrase describes Pyrrhus grumbling with ill-will while obeying the highly deceitful Ulysses.
  2. §657-658vix exiguo sanguine tingui — Part of an accusative-and-infinitive construction introduced by the main verb 'vidi' (I saw). 'exiguo sanguine' is an ablative of means. The expression 'the weapon of Pyrrhus in the throat of the old man was scarcely stained with his scanty blood' emphasizes Priam's extreme old age and the lack of blood left in his body, highlighting the pathos of his death.
  3. §697quo noceant habent — A construction of 'habere' followed by a relative clause in the subjunctive, meaning 'to have the means to...'. The relative 'quo' denotes the instrument or scope. The clause 'nor do they have any means by which to do harm' expresses Cassandra's state of utter devastation, where even the anger of the gods can no longer affect her since she has already suffered the worst.
  4. §706fecunda in ignes — The preposition 'in' with the accusative 'ignes' denotes destiny, purpose, or result ('unto/for the fires'). Hecuba is described as 'fertile for the funeral pyres/fires', indicating that all the many children she bore were destined to perish in war and be cremated, or to be consumed by the flames of Troy's destruction.
  5. §718-719clauso male custodit ore — The adverb 'male' modifies the ablative participle 'clauso', meaning 'poorly closed' or 'insufficiently shut'. The phrase 'she poorly keeps the words in her closed mouth' describes the ecstatic state of the prophetess (compared to a maenad), who tries to hold back her words, yet cannot fully close her mouth as the divine inspiration forces itself out.

Cite this passage

Seneca the Younger, Agamemnon §634-733. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi007.humanitext-lat2:634-733

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.