§9.1.28et huic contraria saepe percursio est et plus ad intelligendum quam dixeris significatio et distincte concisa brevitas et extenuatio, et huic adiuncta illusio; a praeceptis Caesaris non abhorrens, et ab re digressio, in qua cum fuerit delectatio, tum reditas ad rem aptus et concinnus esse debebit; propositioque, quid sis dicturus, et ab eo quod est dictum seiunctio, et reditus ad propositum et iteratio et rationis apta conclusio; §9.1.29tum augendi minuendive causa veritatis superlatio atque traiectio, et rogatio atque huic finitima quasi percontatio expositioque sententiae suae; tum illa, quae maxime quasi irrepit in hominum mentes, alia dicentis ac significantis dissimulatio, quae est periucunda, cum in oratione non contentione sed sermone tractatur; §9.1.30deinde dubitatio, tum distributio, tum correctio, vel ante vel post quam dixeris vel cum aliquid a te ipso reicias.
And contrary to this is the often-used rapid passage, and signification which makes more understood than what you have said, and distinctly concise brevity, and extenuation, and connected with this, irony (not abhorrent to the precepts of Caesar), and digression from the subject, in which, while there must be delight, the return to the subject must be suitable and harmonious; and the proposition of what you are about to say, and transition from what has been said, and return to the proposition, and repetition, and the suitable conclusion of an argument; then, for the sake of amplifying or diminishing, the exaggeration and transgression of the truth, and interrogation, and next to this, as it were, inquiry, and the exposition of one's own opinion; then that which most of all creeps, as it were, into the minds of men, the dissimulation of saying one thing and meaning another, which is extremely pleasant when it is treated in speech not with contention but in conversation; next, doubt, then distribution, then correction, either before or after you have spoken, or when you reject something from yourself.
praemunitio etiam est ad id quod aggrediare, et reiectio in alium; communicatio, quae est quasi cum iis ipsis apud quos dicas deliberatio; morum ac vitae imitatio vel in personis vel sine illis, magnum quoddam ornamentum orationis et aptum ad animos conciliandos vel maxime, saepe autem etiam ad commovendos; personarum ficta inductio vel gravissimum lumen augendi; §9.1.31descriptio, erroris inductio, ad hilaritatem impulsio, anteoccupatio; tum duo illa, quae maxime movent, similitudo et exemplum; digestio, interpellatio, contentio, reticentia, commendatio.
There is also pre-fortification for what you are about to undertake, and rejection upon another; communication, which is, as it were, consultation with those very persons before whom you speak; the imitation of manners and life, either with characters or without them, a great ornament of speech, and suited to conciliate minds in the highest degree, and often also to move them; the feigned introduction of persons, which is the most powerful light of amplification; description, the induction of error, the exciting of mirth, anticipation; then those two which move most, comparison and example; distribution, interruption, contrast, keeping silence, commendation.
§9.1.32vox quaedam libera atque etiam effrenatior augendi causa; iracundia, obiurgatio, promissio; deprecatio, obsecratio, declinatio brevis a proposito, non ut superior illa digressio, purgatio, conciliatio, laesio, optatio atque exsecratio.
a certain free and even unbridled voice for the sake of amplifying; anger, chiding, promise; deprecation, entreaty, a brief turning away from the purpose (not like that former digression), clearing oneself, conciliation, injuring, wishing, and cursing.
§9.1.33his fere luminibus illustrant orationem sententiae.
With almost these lights do thoughts illustrate speech.
orationis autem ipsius tanquam armorum est vel ad usum comminatio et quasi petitio vel ad venustatem ipsa tractatio.
But of speech itself, as of weapons, there is either threatening and a kind of attack for use, or the very handling for grace.
nam et geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias, et paululum immutatum verbum atque deflexum, et eiusdem verbi crebra tum a primo repetitio, tum in extremum conversio, et in eadem verba impetus et concursio et adiunctio et progressio, et eiusdem verbi crebrius positi quaedam distinctio et revocatio verbi, et illa quae similiter desinunt aut quae cadunt similiter aut quae paribus paria referuntur aut quae sunt inter se similia.
For both the doubling of words has sometimes force, at other times elegance, and a word slightly changed and inflected, and the frequent repetition of the same word now from the beginning, now turning into the end, and the onset, collision, adjunct, and progression upon the same words, and a certain distinction of the same word placed more frequently, and the recall of a word, and those which end similarly, or which fall similarly, or which oppose equals to equals, or which are similar among themselves.
§9.1.34est etiam gradatio quaedam et conversio et verborum concinna transgressio, et contrarium et dissolutum, et declinatio et reprehensio, et exclamatio et imminutio; et quod in multis casibus ponitur et quod de singulis rebus propositis ductum refertur ad singula, et ad propositum subiecta ratio et item in distributis supposita ratio; §9.1.35et permissio et rursus alia dubitatio et improvisum quiddam; et dinumeratio et alia correctio et dissipatio, et continuatam et interruptum, et imago et sibi ipsi responsio, et immutatio et diiunctio, et ordo et relatio, et digressio et circumscriptio.
There is also a certain gradation, and conversion, and elegant transposition of words, and contrast, and the disconnected, and declination, and reprehension, and exclamation, and diminution; and what is placed in many cases, and what is derived from single things proposed and referred to single things, and a reason subjoined to a proposition, and likewise a reason supponed in distributed things; and concession, and again another doubt, and something unexpected; and enumeration, and another correction, and dissipation, and the continuous and the interrupted, and image, and answer to oneself, and metonymy, and disjunction, and order, and relation, and digression, and circumscription.
§9.1.36haec enim sunt fere atque horum similia vel plura etiam esse possunt, quae sententiis orationem verborumque conformationibus illuminent.
For these are almost the things, and there can be even more like them, which illuminate speech with thoughts and configurations of words.
eadem sunt in Oratore plurima non omnia tamen et paulo magis distincta, quia post orationis et sententiarum figuras tertium quendam subiecit locum ad alias, ut ipse ait, quasi virtutes dicendi pertinentem:
Most of the same, though not all, are in the Orator, and a little more distinctly, because after the figures of speech and thought he subjoined a third place pertaining, as he says himself, to other, as it were, virtues of speaking: