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Quintilian · Institutes of Oratory §5.1.1-5.1.3

Division of Inartificial and Artificial Proofs and the Role of Eloquence

Passage 125 of 366 · Latin

Summary

The author presents the Aristotelian division between inartificial and artificial proofs, and argues that even the handling of inartificial proofs (such as witnesses and documents) requires the highest degree of eloquence.

§5.1.1ac prima quidem illa partitio ab Aristotele tradita consensum fere omnium meruit, alias esse probationes, quas extra dicendi rationem acciperet orator, alias, quas ex causa traheret ipse et quodam modo gigneret.
And indeed, that first division handed down by Aristotle has earned the agreement of almost everyone: that some proofs are those which the orator receives from outside the system of speaking, and others are those which he himself draws from the cause and in a certain manner generates.
ideoque illas ἀτέχνους, id est inartificiales, has ἐντέχνους, id est artificiales, vocaverunt.
Therefore, they called the former inartificial, that is, non-artistic, and the latter artificial, that is, artistic.
§5.1.2ex illo priore genere sunt praeiudicia, rumores, tormenta, tabulae, iusiurandum, testes, in quibus pars maxima contentionum forensium consistit.
To that former class belong previous judgments, rumors, tortures, documents, oaths, and witnesses, in which the greatest part of forensic contests consists.
sed ut ipsa per se carent arte, ita summis eloquentiae viribus et adlevanda sunt plerumque et refellenda.
But just as these things in themselves lack art, so they must for the most part be either supported or refuted by the greatest powers of eloquence.
quare mihi videntur magnopere damnandi, qui totum hoc genus a praeceptis removerunt.
For this reason, those who have excluded this entire class from the rules of instruction seem to me to be greatly to be blamed.
§5.1.3nec tamen in animo est omnia, quae aut pro his aut contra dici solent, complecti.
Yet it is not my intention to embrace all the things that are usually said either for or against these.
non enim communes locos tradere destinamus, quod esset operis infiniti, sed viam quandam atque rationem.
For we do not design to deliver commonplaces—which would be a work of infinite labor—but a certain path and method.
Quibus demonstratis, non modo in exsequendo suas quisque vires debet adhibere, sed etiam inveniendo similia, ut quaeque condicio litium poscet.
Once these have been demonstrated, each person ought not only to apply his own powers in executing them, but also in finding similar arguments, as each condition of the lawsuits shall demand.
neque enim de omnibus causis dicere quisquam potest saltem praeteritis, ut taceam de tuturis.
For no one can speak concerning all causes, at least those of the past, to say nothing of those of the future.

Notes

  1. §5.1.1alias esse probationes — The accusative and infinitive construction `alias esse ... alias ...` functions in apposition to the preceding noun `partitio`, explaining its specific content.
  2. §5.1.3operis infiniti — A genitive of quality (or description) used predicatively with the subjunctive `esset` to mean '[which] would be of infinite labor' or 'would require endless work.'
  3. §5.1.3ut taceam — A clause of purpose with the present subjunctive, used parenthetically to express the speaker's rhetorical omission: 'to say nothing of,' 'not to mention.' Note that the form `tuturis` in the text represents a scribal error for `futuris` (of the future).

Cite this passage

Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory §5.1.1-5.1.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1002.phi001.humanitext-lat2:5.1.1-5.1.3

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