§4.2.99ponentur tamen etiam communia; deinde ex personarum comparatione et indicii ordine et silentio repudiatae argumenta ducentur.
Nevertheless, common points will also be set forth; then, arguments will be drawn from the comparison of the persons, the order of the disclosure, and the silence of the divorced woman.
§4.2.100ne illud quidem ignorare oportet, quaedam esse quae colorem non recipiant, sed tantum defendenda sint, qualis est ille dives, qui statuam pauperis inimici flagellis cecidit et reus est iniuriarum; nam factum eius modestum esse nemo dixerit, fortasse ut sit tutum obtinebit.
Nor, indeed, must we be ignorant of the fact that there are some things which do not admit of a color, but must only be defended; such as that rich man who scourged the statue of his poor enemy and is accused of injury; for no one would say that his act was moderate, though perhaps he will secure that it be safe.
§4.2.101quodsi pars expositionis pro nobis, pars contra nos erit, miscenda sit an separanda narratio, cum ipsa condicione causae deliberandum est.
But if part of the statement of facts is in our favor and part against us, whether the narrative should be mixed or separated must be deliberated with the actual condition of the case.
nam si plura sunt quae nocent, quae prosunt obruuntur.
For if those things which do harm are more numerous, those which are beneficial are overwhelmed.
itaque tunc dividere optimum erit, et iis, quae partem nostram adiuvabunt, expositis et confirmatis, adversus reliqua uti remediis, de quibus supra dictum est Si plura proderunt,
Therefore, in that case, it will be best to divide, and, having stated and confirmed those things which will assist our side, to employ against the remaining things those remedies which have been mentioned above.
§4.2.102etiam coniungere licebit, ut quae obstant in mediis velut auxiliis nostris posita minus habeant virium.
If more things are beneficial, it will also be permitted to join them, so that the obstacles, being placed in the midst of, as it were, our aids, may have less force.
quae tamen non erunt nuda ponenda, sed ut et nostra aliqua argumentatione firmemus et diversa cur credibilia non sint adiiciamus; quia, nisi distinxerimus, verendum est, ne bona nostra permixtis malis inquinentur.
Yet they must not be set down naked, but in such a way that we both strengthen our own points with some argumentation and add why the opposing points are not credible; because, unless we make this distinction, it is to be feared lest our good points be contaminated by the intermixture of the bad.
§4.2.103illa quoque de narratione praecipi solent, ne qua ex ea fiat excursio, ne avertatur a iudice sermo, ne alienae personae vocem demus, ne argumentemur; adiiciunt quidam etiam, ne utamur adfectibus; quorum pleraque sunt frequentissime custodienda, immo nunquam, nisi ratio coegerit, mutanda.
Those rules also are accustomed to be prescribed concerning the statement of facts, that no digression be made from it, that the speech be not turned away from the judge, that we do not give a voice to another person, and that we do not argue; some also add, that we should not use emotional appeals; most of which must be very frequently observed, or rather, never changed, unless some reason compels.
§4.2.104ut sit expositio perspicua et brevis, nihil quidem tam raro poterit habere rationem quam excursio; nec unquam debebit esse nisi brevis et talis, ut vi quadam videamur adfectus velut recto itinere depulsi, qualis est Ciceronis circa nuptias Sasiae:
In order that the statement of facts may be clear and brief, nothing indeed will so rarely be able to have a justification as a digression; nor ought it ever to exist unless it is brief and of such a nature that we seem, by a certain force of emotion, as it were, to have been driven from the straight path, such as that of Cicero concerning the nuptials of Sasia: "O incredible wickedness of a woman, and unheard of in all life except for this one!
§4.2.105O mulieris scelus incredibile et praeter hanc unam in omni uita inauditum! O libidinem effrenatam et indomitam! O audaciam singularem! nonne timuisse, si minus vim deorum hominumque famam, at illam ipsam noctem facesque illas nuptiales non limen cubiculi non cubile filiae non parietes denique ipsos, superiorum testes nuptiarum §4.2.106sermo vero aversus a iudice et brevius indicat interim et coarguit magis, de qua re idem, quod in prooemio dixeram, sentio, sicut de prosopopoeia quoque; qua tamen non Servius modo Sulpicius utitur pro Aufidia: somnone te languidum an gravi lethargo putem pressum? sed M. quoque Tullius circa nauarchos, (nam ea quoque rei expositio est) ut adeas, tantum dabis, et reliqua.
O unbridled and untamed lust! O singular audacity! Did she not fear, if not the power of the gods and the reputation among men, yet that very night and those nuptial torches, not the threshold of the chamber, not the bed of her daughter, nor, finally, those very walls, the witnesses of her former marriage?" On the other hand, speech turned away from the judge sometimes both indicates more briefly and refutes more strongly; regarding which matter I hold the same opinion as I had stated in the exordium, as also concerning personification; which, however, not only Servius Sulpicius uses in his speech for Aufidia: "Am I to think you heavy with sleep, or weighed down by a heavy lethargy?" but Marcus Tullius also, in the passage about the captains of the ships (for that too is a statement of the case): "To approach, you will give so much," and the rest.
§4.2.107quid? pro Cluentio, Staieni Bulbique colloquium nonne ad celeritatem plurimum et ad fidem confert? quae ne fecisse inobservantia quadam videatur, quanquam hoc in illo credibile non est, in Partitionibus praecepit, ut habeat narratio suavitatem, admirationes, exspectationes, exitus inopinatos, colloquia personarum, omnes adfectus.
What? Does not the conversation of Staienus and Bulbus in the speech for Cluentius contribute very much to speed and credibility? Lest he should seem to have done these things through some inattention—though in him this is not credible—he laid down in the Partitiones that the statement of facts should possess charm, surprises, expectations, unexpected outcomes, conversations of characters, and all kinds of emotional appeals.
§4.2.108argumentabimur, ut dixi, nunquam; argumentum ponemus aliquando; quod facit pro Ligario Cicero, cum dicit sic eum provinciae praefuisse, ut illi pacem esse expediret.
We shall, as I said, never argue; we shall sometimes set down an argument; which Cicero does in his speech for Ligarius, when he says that he had so governed the province that it was expedient for him that there should be peace.
inseremus expositioni et brevem, cum res poscet, defensionem et rationem factorum.
We shall also insert into the statement of facts a brief defense and explanation of actions, when the matter demands it.
§4.2.109neque enim narrandum est tanquam testi sed tanquam patrono.
For we must not narrate as a witness, but as an advocate.
rei ordo per se talis est: Q. Ligarius legatus cum C. Considio profectus.
The order of the fact by itself is such: "Quintus Ligarius, the legate, set out with Gaius Considius." What, then, did Marcus Tullius do?
quid ergo M. Tullius? Q. enim, inquit, Ligarius, cum esset nulla belli suspicio, legatus in Africam cum C. Considio profectus est. et alibi:
"For Quintus Ligarius," he says, "when there was no suspicion of war, set out as legate into Africa with Gaius Considius." And elsewhere: