§11.3.174possunt videri alia quoque huius partis atque officii, reos excitare, pueros attollere, propinquos producere, vestes laniare; sed suo loco dicta sunt.
Other things also of this part and duty may seem to belong here, such as raising up the accused, holding up children, bringing forward relatives, tearing garments; but they have been spoken of in their proper place.
et quia in partibus causae talis est varietas, satis apparet, accommodandam sententiis ipsis pronuntiationem, sicut ostendimus, sed verbis quoque, quod novissime dixeram, non semper, sed aliquando.
And since there is such variety in the parts of a case, it is sufficiently clear that delivery must be adapted to the thoughts themselves, as we have shown, but also to the words, as I had recently said, not always, but sometimes.
§11.3.175an non hoc misellus et pauperculus summissa atque contracta, fortis et uehemens et latro erecta et concitata voce dicendum est? accedit enim vis et proprietas rebus tali adstipulatione, quae nisi adsit, aliud vox, aliud animus ostendat.
Or must not "wretched" and "poor little man" be spoken with a subdued and contracted voice, and "brave" and "violent" and "robber" with an erect and excited voice? For power and propriety are added to things by such an agreement, which if it be not present, the voice would show one thing, the mind another.
§11.3.176quid? quod eadem verba mutata pronuntiatione indicant, adfirmant, exprobrant, negant, mirantur, indignantur, interrogant, irrident, elevant? aliter enim dicitur: tu mihi quodcunque hoc regni et cantando tu illum? et tune ille Aeneas? et meque timoris argue tu, Drance. et ne morer, intra se quisque vel hoc vel aliud, quod volet, per omnes adfectus verset, verum esse quod dicimus sciet.
What of the fact that the same words, by a change of delivery, indicate, affirm, reproach, deny, wonder, are indignant, question, mock, and belittle? For it is spoken in one way: "You (procured) for me whatever this of a kingdom is," and "You (defeat) him in singing?" and "Are you that famous Aeneas?" and "And accuse me of fear, you, Drances." And not to delay, let each person turn either this or any other word he wishes within himself through all emotions, and he will know that what we say is true.
§11.3.177unum iam his adiiciendum est, cum praecipue in actione spectetur decorum, saepe aliud alios decere.
One thing must now be added to these, since propriety is especially regarded in delivery, that often different things become different people.
est enim latens quaedam in hoc ratio et inenarrabilis; et ut vere hoc dictum est, caput esse artis decere quod facias, ita id neque sine arte esse neque totum arte tradi potest.
For there is a certain hidden and inexpressible reason in this; and just as this is truly said, that the head of art is that what you do should be becoming, so this is neither without art, nor can it be entirely delivered by art.
§11.3.178in quibusdam virtutes non habent gratiam, in quibusdam vitia ipsa delectant.
In some people, virtues have no grace, in others, vices themselves delight.
maximos actores comoediarum, Demetrium et Stratoclea, placere diversis virtutibus vidimus.
We have seen the greatest actors of comedy, Demetrius and Stratocles, please by different virtues.
sed illud minus mirum, quod alter deos et iuvenes et bonos patres servosque et matronas et graves anus optime, alter acres senes, callidos servos, parasitos, lenones et omnia agitatiora melius: fuit enim natura diversa.
But that is less wonderful, that the one acted gods, young men, good fathers, slaves, matrons, and serious old women best, while the other acted fierce old men, cunning slaves, parasites, pimps, and all more agitated things better: for their nature was different.
nam vox quoque Demetrii iucundior, illius acrior erat.
For the voice of Demetrius also was more pleasant, while that of the other was sharper.
§11.3.179adnotandae magis proprietates, quae transferri non poterant, manus iactare et dulces exclamationes theatri causa producere et ingrediendo ventum concipere veste et nonnunquam dextro latere facere gestus, quod neminem alium nisi Demetrium decuit; namque in haec omnia statura et mira specie adiuvabatur; §11.3.180illum cursus et agilitas et vel parum conveniens personae risus, quem non ignarus rationis populo dabat, et contracta etiam cervicula.
The qualities which could not be transferred are more to be noted: to wave the hands, to prolong sweet exclamations for the sake of the theater, to catch the wind in his robe as he walked, and sometimes to make gestures with his right side, which became no one else but Demetrius; for in all these things he was aided by his stature and wonderful appearance; while for that other, running and agility, and a laugh not quite suitable to the character, which he, not ignorant of the reason, gave to the people, and even a contracted neck, were becoming.
quidquid horum alter fecisset, foedissimum videretur.
Whichever of these things the other had done, it would have seemed most foul.
Quare norit se quisque, nec tantum ex communibus praeceptis, sed etiam ex natura sua capiat consilium formandae actionis.
Therefore let each know himself, and take counsel for forming his delivery not only from common precepts, but also from his own nature.
§11.3.181neque illud tamen est nefas, ut aliquem vel omnia vel plura deceant.
And yet it is not impossible that all or many things should become someone.
huius quoque loci clausula sit eadem necesse est, quae ceterorum est, regnare maxime modum.
The conclusion of this topic also must of necessity be the same as that of the others, that moderation especially should reign.
non enim comoedum esse, sed oratorem volo.
For I do not wish him to be a comic actor, but an orator.
quare neque in gestu persequemur omnes argutias nec in loquendo distinctionibus, temporibus, adfectionibus moleste utemur.
Therefore we shall neither pursue all subtleties in gesture, nor shall we use pauses, tempos, and emotions in speaking in an annoying manner.
§11.3.182ut si sit in scena dicendum:
"
quid igitur faciam? non eam, ne nunc quidem,
cum arcessor ultro? an potius ita me comparem
non perpeti meretricum contumelias?
"
hic enim dubitationis moras, vocis flexus, varias manus, diversos nutus actor adhibebit.
As if it were to be spoken on the stage: "What shall I do then? Shall I not go, not even now, when I am summoned of her own accord? Or rather should I prepare myself not to endure the insults of courtesans? "For here the actor will employ the delays of hesitation, inflections of the voice, various hands, and different nods.
aliud oratio sapit nec vult nimium esse condita; actione enim constat, non imitatione.
Speech has a different flavor and does not wish to be seasoned too much; for it consists in action, not in imitation.
§11.3.183quare non immerito reprehenditur pronuntiatio vultuosa et gesticulationibus molesta et vocis mutationibus resultans.
Therefore, a delivery that is full of facial contortions, annoying in gestures, and rebounding with vocal changes is not without reason blamed.
nec inutiliter ex Graecis veteres transtulerunt, quod ab iis sumptum Laenas Popilius posuit, esse hanc negotiosam actionem. §11.3.184optime igitur idem, qui omnia, Cicero praeceperat, quae supra ex Oratore posui; quibus similia in Bruto de M. Antonio dicit.
Nor was it uselessly that the ancients translated from the Greeks, which Popilius Laenas, taking from them, asserted, that this is a "troublesome delivery." Therefore, that same Cicero, who did all things best, had given precepts which I have set down above from the *Orator*; and he says similar things about Marcus Antonius in the *Brutus*.
sed iam recepta est actio paulo agitatior et exigitur et quibusdam partibus convenit, ita tamen temperanda, ne, dum actoris captamus elegantiam, perdamus viri boni et gravis auctoritatem.
But now a delivery a little more agitated has been received, and is demanded, and fits certain parts, yet it must be so tempered that, while we affect the elegance of an actor, we do not lose the authority of a good and grave man.