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Livy · History of Rome §7.26.1-7.26.15

Valerius's Duel with the Gaul and the Crow's Aid

Passage 382 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Valerius defeats a giant Gaul in single combat with the help of a crow, earning the cognomen Corvus. He is subsequently elected consul at the age of twenty-three, and the Greek fleet withdraws from Italy due to a lack of supplies.

§7.26.1ubi cum in stationibus quieti tempus tererent, Gallus processit magnitudine atque armis insignis; quatiensque scutum hasta cum silentium fecisset, provocat per interpretem unum ex Romanis, qui secum ferro decernat.
While they were spending their time quietly at their outposts, a Gaul, distinguished by his stature and armor, advanced; and having shaken his shield with his spear to command silence, he challenged, through an interpreter, one of the Romans to decide the issue with him by the sword.
§7.26.2M. erat Valerius tribunus militum adulescens, qui haud indigniorem eo decore se 425) quam T. Manlium ratus, prius sciscitatus consulis voluntatem in medium armatus processit.
Marcus Valerius, a young military tribune, who, thinking himself no 425) less worthy of that honor than Titus Manlius, having first ascertained the consul's will, advanced in arms into the middle. Marcus Valerius, a young military tribune, who, thinking himself no 425) less worthy of that honor than Titus Manlius, having first ascertained the consul's will, advanced in arms into the middle.
§7.26.3minus insigne certamen humanum numine interposito decorum factum; namque conserenti iam manum Romano corvus repente in galea consedit in hostem versus.
The combat, otherwise less remarkable as a human contest, was made glorious by the intervention of a divine power; for as the Roman was already joining in hand-to-hand combat, a crow suddenly perched upon his helmet, facing the enemy.
§7.26.4quod primo ut augurium caelo missum laetus accepit tribunus, precatus deinde: si divus, si diva esset, qui sibi praepetem misisset, volens propitius adesset.
This the tribune at first joyfully received as an omen sent from heaven, and then prayed: that whether it was a god or a goddess who had sent him the auspicious bird, they would be pleased to assist him with favor.
§7.26.5dictu mirabile tenuit non solum ales captam semel sedem, sed quotienscumque certamen initum est, levans se alis os oculosque hostis rostro et unguibus adpetit, donec territum prodigii talis visu oculisque simul ac mente turbatum Valerius obtruncat; corvus ex conspectu elatus orientem petit.
Wonderful to relate, the bird not only kept the seat it had once taken, but whenever the struggle began, raising itself on its wings, it attacked the face and eyes of the enemy with its beak and talons, until Valerius slew the foe, who was terrified by the sight of such a prodigy and confused in both his eyes and mind; the crow, flying up out of sight, headed toward the east.
Hactenus quietae utrimque stationes fuere; §7.26.6postquam spoliare corpus caesi hostis tribunus coepit, nec Galli se statione tenuerunt et Romanorum cursus ad victorem etiam ocior fuit.
Up to this point, the outposts on both sides had been quiet; but after the tribune began to despoil the body of the slain enemy, the Gauls no longer kept themselves at their post, and the rush of the Romans toward the victor was even speedier.
ibi circa iacentis Galli corpus contracto certamine pugna atrox concitatur.
There, a fierce battle was provoked by a localized contest around the body of the fallen Gaul.
§7.26.7iam non manipulis proximarum stationum sed legionibus utrimque effusis res geritur.
Now the business was carried on no longer by the maniples of the nearest outposts, but by the legions poured out on both sides.
Camillus laetum militem victoria tribuni, laetum tam praesentibus ac secundis dis ire in proelium iubet; ostentansque insignem spoliis tribunum “hunc imitare, miles,” aiebat “et circa iacentem ducem sterne Gallorum catervas. ”
Camillus ordered the soldiers, who were joyful at the victory of the tribune and joyful at gods so present and favorable, to go into battle; and showing them the tribune conspicuous with his spoils, he said, "Imitate this man, soldier, and strew the crowds of Gauls around their fallen leader!" Camillus ordered the soldiers — joyful at the tribune's victory and joyful that the gods were so present and favourable — to go into battle; and, displaying the tribune conspicuous with his spoils, he said, 'Imitate this man, soldier, and lay low the throngs of Gauls around their fallen leader!'
§7.26.8di hominesque illi adfuere pugnae, depugnatumque haudquaquam certamine ambiguo cum Gallis est; adeo duorum militum eventum, inter quos pugnatum erat, utraque acies animis praeceperat.
Gods and men were present to assist in that battle, and the fight with the Gauls was by no means of doubtful issue; so completely had both lines anticipated in their minds the outcome of the two soldiers between whom the combat had been fought.
§7.26.9inter primos, quorum concursus alios exciverat, atrox proelium fuit; alia multitudo, priusquam ad coniectum teli veniret, terga vertit. primo per Volscos Falernumque agrum dissipati sunt; inde Apuliam ac mare superum petierunt.
Among the foremost, whose clash had drawn the others on, there was a fierce battle; the rest of the multitude, before they came within throw of a javelin, turned their backs. At first they were dispersed through the Volscian and Falernian territory; thence they sought Apulia and the upper sea. Among the foremost, whose clash had drawn the others on, there was a fierce battle; the rest of the multitude, before they came within throw of a javelin, turned their backs. At first they were dispersed through the Volscian and Falernian territory; thence they sought Apulia and the upper sea.
§7.26.10consul contione advocata laudatum tribunum decem bubus aureaque corona donat; ipse iussus ab senatu bellum maritimum curare cum praetore iunxit castra.
The consul, having called an assembly, presented the praised tribune with ten oxen and a golden crown; he himself, ordered by the senate to take charge of the maritime war, joined his camp with that of the praetor.
§7.26.11ibi quia res trahi segnitia Graecorum non committentium se in aciem videbantur, dictatorem comitiorum causa T. Manlium Torquatum ex auctoritate senatus dixit.
There, because the war seemed to be prolonged by the sluggishness of the Greeks, who would not commit themselves to a battle line, he named Titus Manlius Torquatus as dictator for the purpose of holding the elections, by authority of the senate. There, because the war seemed to be prolonged by the sluggishness of the Greeks, who would not commit themselves to a battle line, he named Titus Manlius Torquatus as dictator for the purpose of holding the elections, by authority of the senate.
§7.26.12dictator magistro equitum A. Cornelio Cosso dicto comitia consularia habuit aemulumque decoris sui absentem M. Valerium Corvum — id enim illi deinde cognominis fuit — summo favore populi, tres et viginti natum annos, consulem renuntiavit.
The dictator, having named Aulus Cornelius Cossus as master of the horse, held the consular elections, and with the greatest favor of the people, declared his rival in glory, Marcus Valerius Corvus—for that was afterwards his cognomen—who was absent, consul at twenty-three years of age. The dictator, having named Aulus Cornelius Cossus as master of the horse, held the consular elections, and with the greatest favor of the people, declared his rival in glory, Marcus Valerius Corvus—for that was afterwards his cognomen—who was absent, consul at twenty-three years of age.
§7.26.13collega Corvo de plebe M. Popilius Laenas, quartum consul futurus, datus est. cum Graecis a Camillo nulla memorabilis gesta res; nec illi terra nec Romanus mari bellator erat. postremo cum litoribus arcerentur, §7.26.14aqua etiam praeter cetera necessaria usui deficiente Italiam reliquere.
To Corvus was given as colleague from the plebeians Marcus Popilius Laenas, who was to be consul for the fourth time. No memorable deed was performed against the Greeks by Camillus; for they were no warriors on land, nor was the Roman on sea. Finally, since they were kept away from the shores, No memorable deed was performed against the Greeks by Camillus; for they were no warriors on land, nor was the Roman on sea. Finally, since they were cut off from the shores, and water too, besides the other necessities of life, was failing them, they left Italy.
§7.26.15cuius populi ea cuiusque gentis classis fuerit, nihil certi est. maxime Siciliae fuisse tyrannos crediderim; nam ulterior Graecia ea tempestate intestino fessa bello iam Macedonum opes horrebat.
To which people or to which nation that fleet belonged is by no means certain. I should believe that they were most likely the tyrants of Sicily; for farther Greece at that time, exhausted by internal war, was already dreading the power of the Macedonians. To which people or to which nation that fleet belonged is by no means certain. I should believe that they were most likely the tyrants of Sicily; for farther Greece at that time, exhausted by internal war, was already dreading the power of the Macedonians.

Notes

  1. §7.26.1qui secum ferro decernat — A relative clause introduced by the relative pronoun `qui` with the subjunctive present `decernat`, expressing purpose ('who should decide with him').
  2. ¦p.426¦eo decore — Ablative depending on the comparative adjective `indigniorem`, functioning as an ablative of specification or respect with reference to the honor ('more unworthy of that honor').
  3. §7.26.4adesset — Subjunctive of wish or command in indirect speech (representing an imperative or optative in direct speech). The imperfect subjunctive is used following the secondary sequence initiated by the past main verb `precatus`.
  4. §7.26.5dictu mirabile — An idiomatic expression consisting of the adjective `mirabile` and the ablative supine `dictu` expressing respect ('wonderful to tell').
  5. §7.26.15crediderim — Perfect subjunctive (first-person singular) used as a potential subjunctive to express a mild, cautious, or polite assertion ('I should be inclined to believe').

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §7.26.1-7.26.15. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:7.26.1-7.26.15

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