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Livy · History of Rome §7.19.1-7.19.10

Vengeance on Tarquinii and Titus Manlius as Dictator

Passage 375 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The Romans defeat the Tiburtes, take severe vengeance on the Tarquinienses, and ally with the Samnites. At home, while the debt-ridden plebs lose interest in public affairs, Titus Manlius is appointed dictator to confront threats from Caere and the Volsci, and declares war on Caere.

§7.19.1duo bella eo anno prospere gesta.
Two wars were successfully waged in that year.
cum Tiburtibus usque ad deditionem pugnatum.
The war was waged with the Tiburtes even to their surrender.
Sassula ex his urbs capta; ceteraque oppida eandem fortunam habuissent, ni universa gens positis armis in fidem consulis venisset.
Of these, the city Sassula was captured; and the other towns would have suffered the same fortune, had not the entire nation, laying down their arms, come into the protection of the consul.
§7.19.2triumphatum de Tiburtibus; alioquin mitis victoria fuit.
A triumph was celebrated over the Tiburtes; in other respects the victory was mild.
in Tarquinienses acerbe saevitum; multis mortalibus in acie caesis ex ingenti captivorum numero trecenti quinquaginta octo delecti, nobilissimus quisque, qui Romam mitterentur; vulgus aliud trucidatum.
Against the Tarquinienses, cruel vengeance was taken; many men having been slain in battle, three hundred and fifty-eight were selected from the huge number of captives, including all the most noble, to be sent to Rome; the rest of the multitude was slaughtered.
§7.19.3nec populus in eos, qui missi Romam erant, mitior fuit; medio in foro omnes virgis caesi ac securi percussi.
Nor was the people any milder toward those who had been sent to Rome; in the middle of the forum they were all beaten with rods and beheaded with the axe.
id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum.
This punishment was returned to the enemy in place of the Romans immolated in the forum of the Tarquinienses.
§7.19.4res bello bene gestae, ut Samnites quoque amicitiam peterent, effecerunt.
The successful operations in war brought it about that the Samnites also sought friendship.
legatis eorum comiter ab senatu responsum, foedere in societatem accepti.
A friendly answer was returned to their ambassadors by the senate, and they were received into alliance by a treaty.
§7.19.5non eadem domi quae militiae fortuna erat plebi Romanae.
The fortune of the Roman plebs at home was not the same as in war.
nam etsi unciario faenore facto levata usura erat, sorte ipsa obruebantur inopes nexumque inibant; eo nec patricios ambo consules neque comitiorum curam publicave studia prae privatis incommodis plebs ad animum admittebat.
For although the interest was lightened by establishing the uncial rate, the destitute were still overwhelmed by the principal itself and entered into bond-servitude; consequently, on account of their private distress, the plebs admitted to their minds neither the fact that both consuls were patricians, nor any concern for the elections or public interests.
§7.19.6consulatus uterque apud patricios manet; consules creati C. Sulpicius Peticus quartum M. Valerius Publicola iterum.
Both consulships remained with the patricians; the consuls elected were Gaius Sulpicius Peticus for the fourth time and Marcus Valerius Publicola for the second time.
in bellum Etruscum intentam civitatem, quia Caeritem populum misericordia consanguinitatis Tarquiniensibus adiunctum fama ferebatur, legati Latini ad Volscos convertere nuntiantes exercitum conscriptum armatumque iam suis finibus inminere; inde populabundos in agrum Romanum venturos esse.
While the state was intent on the Etruscan war, because a report was current that the people of Caere, moved by the compassion of kinship, had joined the Tarquinienses, Latin envoys turned their attention to the Volsci, announcing that an army, levied and armed, was already threatening their borders, and would come from there into the Roman territory to plunder.
§7.19.7censuit igitur senatus neutram neglegendam rem esse, utroque legiones scribi consulesque sortiri provincias iussit.
Therefore the senate decided that neither matter should be neglected; they ordered legions to be enrolled for both, and the consuls to draw lots for their provinces.
§7.19.8inclinavit deinde pars maior curae in Etruscum bellum, postquam litteris Sulpici consulis, cui Tarquinii provincia evenerat, cognitum est depopulatum agrum circa Romanas salinas praedaeque partem in Caeritum fines avectam et haud dubie iuventutem eius populi inter praedatores fuisse.
Then, the greater part of their anxiety inclined toward the Etruscan war, after it was learned from the letters of the consul Sulpicius, to whom the province of Tarquinii had fallen, that the territory around the Roman salt-works had been devastated, part of the booty carried off into the borders of the Caerites, and that without doubt the youth of that people had been among the plunderers.
§7.19.9itaque Valerium consulem, Volscis oppositum castraque ad finem Tusculanum habentem, revocatum inde senatus dictatorem dicere iussit.
Therefore, the senate ordered the consul Valerius, who was opposed to the Volsci and had his camp near the Tusculan border, to be recalled from there and to name a dictator.
§7.19.10T. Manlium L. f. dixit.
He named Titus Manlius, son of Lucius.
is cum sibi magistrum equitum A. Cornelium Cossum dixisset, consulari exercitu contentus ex auctoritate patrum ac populi iussu Caeritibus bellum indixit.
When he had named Aulus Cornelius Cossus as his master of the horse, content with the consular army, by the authority of the fathers and the order of the people, he declared war against the Caerites.

Notes

  1. §7.19.1ceteraque oppida eandem fortunam habuissent, ni universa gens positis armis in fidem consulis venisset — A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence following the statement of actual historical fact (Sassula ... capta [est]). The pluperfect subjunctive in both the protasis with `ni` (`venisset`) and the apodosis (`habuissent`) indicates what would have happened to the other towns if the whole tribe had not surrendered.
  2. §7.19.5patricios ambo consules — An accusative with infinitive clause with the ellipsis of the copula `esse` (patricios ambo consules [esse]), acting as the object of the verbal phrase `ad animum admittebat` ("admitted to their minds / cared that both consuls were patricians").
  3. §7.19.6in bellum Etruscum intentam civitatem ... legati Latini ad Volscos convertere — The main clause's core consists of the subject `legati Latini`, the direct object `intentam civitatem` (the state intent on the Etruscan war), and the main verb `convertere` (third-person plural perfect active, equivalent to `converserunt`). Inside the causal `quia` clause, the impersonal construction `fama ferebatur` ("the report was current") is completed by the accusative with infinitive clause `Caeritem populum ... adiunctum [esse]`.
  4. §7.19.8cognitum est — An impersonal passive construction ("it was learned / known"), whose real subject is the subsequent accusative with infinitive clause (`depopulatum agrum ... praedaeque partem ... avectam [esse] et ... iuventutem ... fuisse`). This information is conveyed by the ablative of means `litteris` ("by the letters").

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §7.19.1-7.19.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:7.19.1-7.19.10

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