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Livy · History of Rome §7.11.1-7.11.11

Invasion and Defeat of the Gallic-Tiburtine Alliance

Passage 367 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Following the defeat in the single combat, the Gallic army retreats and allies with Tibur. The Romans appoint a dictator and defeat the allied forces near the Colline Gate, while also overcoming the Hernici, though the Tiburtes mock the Roman triumph.

§7.11.1et hercule tanti ea ad universi belli eventum momenti dimicatio fuit, ut Gallorum exercitus proxima nocte relictis trepide castris in Tiburtem agrum atque inde, societate belli facta commeatuque benigne ab Tiburtibus adiutus, mox in Campaniam transierit.
And indeed, that combat was of such great importance for the outcome of the entire war that the army of the Gauls, having hastily abandoned their camp on the following night, withdrew into the territory of Tibur, and from there, having formed an alliance for war and being generously assisted with provisions by the Tiburtes, soon crossed over into Campania.
§7.11.2ea fuit causa, cur proximo anno C. Poetelius Balbus consul, cum collegae eius M. Fabio Ambusto Hernici provincia evenisset, adversus Tiburtes iussu populi exercitum duceret.
That was the reason why, in the following year, the consul Gaius Poetelius Balbus led an army against the Tiburtes by order of the people, while the province of the Hernici had fallen to his colleague Marcus Fabius Ambustus.
§7.11.3ad quorum auxilium cum Galli ex Campania redissent, foedae populationes in Labicano Tusculanoque et Albano agro haud dubie Tiburtibus ducibus sunt factae;
When the Gauls returned from Campania to their assistance, dreadful devastations were made in the territory of Labici, Tusculum, and Alba, undoubtedly under the leadership of the Tiburtes.
§7.11.4et, cum adversus Tiburtem hostem duce consule contenta res publica esset, Gallicus tumultus dictatorem creari coegit.
And although the republic was content with the consul as leader against the Tiburtine enemy, the Gallic tumult compelled the appointment of a dictator.
creatus Q. Servilius Ahala T. Quinctium magistrum equitum dixit et ex auctoritate patrum, si prospere id bellum evenisset, ludos magnos vovit.
Quintus Servilius Ahala, having been appointed, named Titus Quinctius master of the horse, and on the authority of the senate, vowed to celebrate the great games if that war should turn out successfully.
§7.11.5dictator, ad continendos proprio bello Tiburtes consulari exercitu iusso manere, omnes iuniores nullo detractante militiam sacramento adegit.
The dictator, having ordered the consular army to remain to keep the Tiburtes occupied in their own war, bound all the younger men by the military oath, with no one declining service.
§7.11.6pugnatum haud procul porta Collina est totius viribus urbis in conspectu parentum coniugumque ac liberorum, quae magna etiam absentibus hortamenta animi tum subiecta oculis simul verecundia misericordiaque militem accendebant.
The battle was fought not far from the Colline Gate with the entire strength of the city, in the sight of parents, wives, and children, which, being great encouragements to the mind even when absent, then being presented before their eyes, inflamed the soldier with a mixture of shame and affection.
§7.11.7magna utrimque edita caede avertitur tandem acies Gallorum.
After a great slaughter had been inflicted on both sides, the line of the Gauls was at length turned back.
fuga Tibur sicut arcem belli Gallici petunt; palati a consule Poetelio haud procul Tibure excepti, egressis ad opem ferendam Tiburtibus simul cum iis intra portas conpelluntur.
In flight they sought Tibur as if it were the citadel of the Gallic war; those who had straggled were intercepted by the consul Poetelius not far from Tibur, and as the Tiburtes had sallied out to bring them help, they were driven within the gates along with them.
§7.11.8egregie cum ab dictatore tum ab consule res gesta est.
The campaign was brilliantly conducted both by the dictator and by the consul.
et consul alter Fabius proeliis primum parvis, postremo una insigni pugna, cum hostes totis adorti copiis essent, Hernicos devincit.
And the other consul, Fabius, first in small skirmishes, and finally in one notable battle when the enemy had attacked with all their forces, completely defeated the Hernici.
§7.11.9dictator consulibus in senatu et apud populum magnifice conlaudatis et suarum quoque rerum illis remisso honore dictatura se abdicavit.
The dictator, after splendidly praising the consuls in the senate and before the people, and yielding to them the honor of his own achievements as well, abdicated his dictatorship.
Poetelius de Gallis Tiburtibusque geminum triumphum egit; Fabio satis visum, ut ovans urbem iniret.
Poetelius celebrated a double triumph over the Gauls and the Tiburtes; to Fabius it seemed sufficient that he enter the city with an ovation.
inridere Poeteli triumphum Tiburtes: §7.11.10ubi enim eum secum acie conflixisse? spectatores paucos fugae trepidationisque Gallorum extra portas egressos, postquam in se quoque fieri impetum viderint et sine discrimine obvios caedi, recepisse se intra urbem: eam rem triumpho dignam visam Romanis.
The Tiburtes mocked the triumph of Poetelius: For where indeed had he fought with them in a pitched battle? A few spectators of the flight and panic of the Gauls had gone outside the gates, and after they saw that an attack was being made on them as well and that those in their way were being slain without distinction, they had retreated within the city; this, it seemed to the Romans, was a matter worthy of a triumph.
§7.11.11ne nimis mirum magnumque censerent tumultum exciere in hostium portis, maiorem ipsos trepidationem ante moenia sua visuros.
Let them not think it too wonderful and great a thing to raise a tumult at the enemy's gates; they themselves would soon see a greater panic before their own walls.

Notes

  1. 7.11.1tanti ea ad universi belli eventum momenti — tanti ... momenti is a genitive of quality acting as the predicate of the verb fuit. The prepositional phrase with ad modifies momenti, meaning 'of such great importance for the outcome of the entire war.'
  2. 7.11.3Tiburtibus ducibus — An ablative absolute construction consisting of two nouns (Tiburtibus and ducibus), where the present participle of the verb 'to be' (lacking in Latin) is implied. It means 'with the Tiburtes as leaders' or 'under the leadership of the Tiburtes.'
  3. 7.11.6quae magna etiam absentibus hortamenta animi — The relative pronoun quae (neuter plural nominative) refers back to the collective presence of the parents, wives, and children. magna ... hortamenta animi functions predicatively or in apposition to quae. absentibus is a dative of reference ('even in their absence').
  4. 7.11.9inridere Poeteli triumphum Tiburtes — inridere is a historical infinitive used with the nominative subject Tiburtes to describe a past event vividly.
  5. 7.11.10ubi enim eum secum acie conflixisse? — A rhetorical question in indirect discourse (oratio obliqua). While a direct question would use the indicative perfect (conflixit), the indirect discourse requires the accusative and infinitive construction (subject accusative eum with perfect infinitive conflixisse), expressing a skeptical or negative question.
  6. 7.11.11ne nimis mirum magnumque censerent — Represents a negative command or exhortation in indirect discourse. What would be an imperative or subjunctive in direct discourse (e.g., ne ... censueritis) is converted into the imperfect subjunctive censerent following the past sequence of tenses.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §7.11.1-7.11.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:7.11.1-7.11.11

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