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Livy · History of Rome §6.34.1-6.34.11

Plebeian Distress and the Fabii Daughters Inciting Reform

Passage 348 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

While external wars were successful, the plebeians in Rome suffered from debt and fell into subjection, strengthening patrician dominance. Under these circumstances, a small domestic incident between the daughters of the patrician Fabius leads to a plan to elevate the status of the plebeians, conceived by Fabius, his son-in-law Stolo, and Lucius Sextius.

§6.34.1quanto magis prosperis eo anno bellis tranquilla omnia foris erant, tantum inurbe vis patrum in dies miseriaeque plebis crescebant, cum eo ipso, quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi inpediretur.
In proportion as everything abroad was peaceful that year thanks to the successful wars, so much did the power of the patricians and the misery of the plebeians increase daily within the city, since the very ability to pay was hindered by the very fact that payment was necessary.
itaque cum iam ex re nihil dari posset, §6.34.2fama et corpore, iudicati atque addicti, creditoribus satisfaciebant, poenaque in vicem fidei cesserat.
And so, when nothing could now be paid from their property, they satisfied their creditors with their reputation and their bodies, having been judged and surrendered as debtors, and punishment had taken the place of good faith.
§6.34.3adeo ergo obnoxios summiserant animos non infimi solum, sed principes etiam plebis, ut non modo ad tribunatum militum inter patricios petendum, §6.34.4quod tanta vi ut liceret tetenderant, sed ne ad plebeios quidem magistratus capessendos petendosque ulli viro acri experientique animus esset, possessionemque honoris usurpati modo a plebe per paucos annos recuperasse in perpetuum patres viderentur.
Therefore, not only the lowest but even the leading men of the plebeians had so far submitted their spirits in subjection, that not only to seek the military tribuneship among the patricians, which they had striven with such great force to make lawful, but not even for undertaking and seeking the plebeian magistracies did any active and experienced man have the spirit, and the patricians seemed to have recovered for ever the possession of the office which had been only temporarily exercised by the plebeians for a few years.
§6.34.5ne id nimis laetum parti alteri esset, parva, ut plerumque solet, rem ingentem moliundi causa intervenit.
Lest this should be too joyful for the other party, a small cause, as is usually the case, intervened to bring about a mighty matter.
M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines tum etiam ad plebem, quod haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor eius habebatur, filiae duae nuptae Ser. Sulpicio maior, minor C. Licinio Stoloni erat, inlustri quidem viro, tamen plebeio; eaque ipsa adfinitas haud spreta gratiam Fabio ad vulgum quaesierat.
Marcus Fabius Ambustus, a man of great influence both among the men of his own class and also with the plebeians, because he was by no means regarded among his peers as a despiser of them, had two daughters, the elder married to Servius Sulpicius, the younger to Gaius Licinius Stolo, a distinguished man indeed, yet a plebeian; and that very alliance, not being despised, had sought for Fabius favor among the common people.
§6.34.6forte ita incidit, ut in Ser. Sulpici tribuni militum domo sorores Fabiae cum inter se, ut fit, sermonibus tempus tererent, lictor Sulpici, cum is de foro se domum reciperet, forem, ut mos est, virga percuteret.
It happened by chance that, while the Fabian sisters were spending time in conversation with each other, as is usual, in the house of Servius Sulpicius, the military tribune, Sulpicius's lictor, when he was returning home from the forum, struck the door with his rod, as is the custom.
cum ad id, moris eius insueta, expavisset minor Fabia, risui sorori fuit, miranti ignorare id sororem.
When the younger Fabia, unaccustomed to that custom, had been startled at this, she was laughed at by her sister, who wondered that her sister was ignorant of it.
§6.34.7ceterum is risus stimulos parvis mobili rebus animo muliebri subdidit.
But that laughter added a sting to a woman's mind, which is easily moved by small things.
frequentia quoque prosequentium rogantiumque, num quid vellet, credo fortunatum matrimonium ei sororis visum suique ipsam malo arbitrio, quo a proximis quisque minime anteiri vult, paenituisse.
Also, from the crowd of those who followed and asked if he wanted anything, I believe her sister's marriage seemed fortunate to her, and she regretted her own from that evil disposition by which everyone least wishes to be surpassed by those nearest to them.
§6.34.8confusam eam ex recenti morsu animi cum pater forte vidisset, percunctatus “satin salvae?” avertentem causam doloris, quippe nec satis piam adversus sororem nec admodum in virum honorificam,
When her father by chance had seen her confused from this recent sting of mind, having asked 'Is everything well?', she averted the cause of her grief, since it was indeed neither sufficiently affectionate toward her sister nor very honorable toward her husband.
§6.34.9elicuit comiter sciscitando, ut fateretur eam esse causam doloris, quod iuncta inpari esset, nupta in domo, quam nec honos nec gratia intrare posset.
By kindly questioning, he enticed her to confess that this was the cause of her grief: that she was joined to an unequal partner, married into a house which neither honor nor influence could enter.
§6.34.10consolans inde filiam Ambustus bonum animum habere iussit: eosdem prope diem domi visuram honores, quos apud sororem videat.
Thereupon Ambustus, comforting his daughter, bade her be of good cheer: she would see before long the same honors at her own home which she saw at her sister's.
§6.34.11inde consilia inire cum genero coepit adhibito L. Sextio, strenuo adulescente et cuius spei nihil praeter genus patricium deesset.
Thence he began to form plans with his son-in-law, having called in Lucius Sextius, an active young man, to whose expectations nothing was lacking except a patrician birth.

Notes

  1. §6.34.1eo ipso, quod — The ablative demonstrative phrase "eo ipso" points in apposition to the noun clause introduced by "quod", expressing cause or means. The contrast between the passive infinitive "solvi" (to be paid/discharged) and "facultas solvendi" (the ability to pay) highlights the paradoxical and miserable situation of the plebeians, where the very obligation of repayment hindered their actual capacity to repay.
  2. §6.34.2fama et corpore — Ablatives of means. It describes how the debtors, unable to satisfy their creditors with money ("fides"), had to do so with their "reputation" (social standing) and "bodies" (physical labor) by being legally surrendered as debt-slaves ("addicti").
  3. §6.34.4animus esset — Subjunctive in the consecutive clause introduced by "ut" depending on "adeo" in §6.34.3. In the negative structure "ne... quidem", the phrase "ulli viro acri experientique" serves as a dative of possession with "animus" as the subject, illustrating the extreme situation where not even a single active and experienced plebeian had the spirit to run for office.
  4. §6.34.7malo arbitrio — Ablative of cause, explained by the relative clause that follows ("quo a proximis quisque minime anteiri vult"), referring to the "evil disposition" or envy of not wanting to be surpassed by those closest to oneself. The logical subject of the impersonal verb "paenituisse" in the indirect statement is the accusative pronoun "ipsam".
  5. §6.34.8satin salvae — A colloquial and idiomatic omission of "satisne salvae res sunt?". It is a standard formula used among family members or close intimates to ask, showing concern, "Is everything all right?" or "Is all well?".

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §6.34.1-6.34.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:6.34.1-6.34.11

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