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Livy · History of Rome §5.1.1-5.1.9

Veii Elects a King and Rome Builds Double Fortifications

Passage 260 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

As tensions rise between Rome and Veii, Rome increases its military tribunes to eight, while Veii elects a king to avoid political discord. However, due to the king's arrogant behavior, the Etruscan League denies them aid, and Rome constructs double-faced fortifications to prepare for any potential intervention from Etruria.

§5.1.1pace alibi parta Romani Veique in armis erant tanta ira odioque, ut victis finem adesse appareret.
With peace established elsewhere, the Romans and the Veientes were in arms with such great anger and hatred that it was apparent that the end was near for the vanquished.
comitia utriusque populi longe diversa ratione facta sunt.
The assemblies of both peoples were conducted in far different manners.
§5.1.2Romani auxere tribunorum militum consulari potestate numerum; octo, quot numquam antea, creati, M. Aemilius Mamercus iterum, L. Valerius Potitus tertium, Ap. Claudius Crassus, M. Quinctilius Varus, L. Iulius Iulus, M. Postumius, M. Furius Camillus, M. Postumius Albinus.
The Romans increased the number of military tribunes with consular power; eight, a number never before seen, were created: Marcus Aemilius Mamercus for the second time, Lucius Valerius Potitus for the third time, Appius Claudius Crassus, Marcus Quinctilius Varus, Lucius Iulius Iulus, Marcus Postumius, Marcus Furius Camillus, and Marcus Postumius Albinus.
§5.1.3Veientes contra taedio annuae ambitionis, quae interdum discordiarum causa erat, regem creavere.
The Veientes, on the other hand, out of weariness of the annual canvassing, which was sometimes a cause of discord, elected a king.
offendit ea res populorum Etruriae animos non maiore odio regni quam ipsius regis.
This action offended the minds of the peoples of Etruria, with no greater hatred of the kingship than of the king himself.
§5.1.4gravis iam is antea genti fuerat opibus superbiaque, quia sollemnia ludorum, §5.1.5quos intermitti nefas est, violenter diremisset, cum ob iram repulsae, quod suffragio duodecim populorum alius sacerdos ei praelatus esset, artifices, quorum magna pars ipsius servi erant, ex medio ludicro repente abduxit.
He had already before this been offensive to the nation because of his wealth and pride, because he had violently broken off the solemnity of the games, which it is a sacrilege to interrupt, when, out of anger at his rejection, because another priest had been preferred to him by the vote of the twelve peoples, he suddenly withdrew the performers, a great part of whom were his own slaves, from the middle of the spectacle.
§5.1.6gens itaque ante omnes alias eo magis dedita religionibus, quod excelleret arte colendi eas, auxilium Veientibus negandum, donec sub rege essent, decrevit.
Therefore, the nation, more devoted to religious rites than any other because it excelled in the art of cultivating them, decreed that aid must be denied to the Veientes as long as they were under a king.
§5.1.7cuius decreti suppressa fama est Veis propter metum regis, qui, a quo tale quid dictum referretur, pro seditionis eum principe, non vani sermonis auctore habebat.
The report of this decree was suppressed at Veii because of the fear of the king, who regarded anyone from whom such a statement was reported to have been made as a leader of sedition, not as the author of an idle rumor.
§5.1.8Romanis etsi quietae res ex Etruria nuntiabantur, tamen, quia omnibus conciliis eam rem agitari adferebatur, ita muniebant, §5.1.9ut ancipitia munimenta essent, alia in urbem et contra oppidanorum eruptiones versa, aliis frons in Etruriam spectans auxiliis, si qua forte inde venirent, obstruebatur.
Although quiet conditions were reported to the Romans from Etruria, nevertheless, because it was reported that this matter was being discussed in all councils, they fortified their positions in such a way that the fortifications were double-faced, some turned toward the city and against the sallies of the townsmen, while for others the front looked toward Etruria, obstructing any auxiliary forces that might happen to come from there.

Notes

  1. 5.1.1victis finem adesse — The accusative-with-infinitive clause (finem adesse) with the dative victis serves as the subject of the impersonal verb appareret, meaning 'it was apparent that the end was near for the vanquished.'
  2. 5.1.5ob iram repulsae, quod... alius sacerdos ei praelatus esset — repulsae is a genitive of 'rejection/defeat in election,' and the quod-clause with the subjunctive (praelatus esset) functions appositively to explain the content of this rejection. The subjunctive is used to represent the subjective reason of the king himself.
  3. 5.1.7a quo tale quid dictum referretur — The relative clause introduced by 'a quo' (by/from whom) has its antecedent implied in the pronoun 'eum' (the person). The whole phrase refers to 'anyone from whom such a statement was reported to have been made.'
  4. 5.1.9ut ancipitia munimenta essent, alia... aliis... — The adjective 'ancipitia' (double-fronted/two-sided) is explained by the correlative contrast 'alia... aliis...' (some... for others...), showing that one set of fortifications faced the besieged city, while another set was directed outward toward Etruria.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §5.1.1-5.1.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:5.1.1-5.1.9

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