Livy · History of Rome §45.40.1-45.40.9
Paulus' Triumph and the Death of His Sons
Summary
The value of the immense Macedonian spoils displayed in Paulus' triumph and the history of the wealth accumulated by the Macedonian kings are recorded. Although Paulus' magnificent triumph and the rewards to his soldiers are described, a tragic loss occurs as his two remaining sons die around the time of the triumph, making the victor himself an example of human vicissitudes before his memorable speech to the assembly.
Notes
- 45.40.1qua — Ablative of comparison. The antecedent is `summam` (one hundred and twenty million sesterces) in the preceding sentence. It means 'a sum undoubtedly somewhat larger than this'.
- 45.40.5daturum fuisse — An infinitive in the accusative with infinitive (AcI) construction governed by `credunt`, with the subject accusative `eum` (Paulus) omitted. It represents the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition (which would be `daturus fuit` in direct discourse) transferred into indirect speech, corresponding to the protasis `si ... favissent, aut ... acclamassent` (pluperfect subjunctive).
- 45.40.7duobus datis in adoptionem — An ablative absolute ('two sons having been given in adoption'), indicating the background that Paulus' two older sons had been adopted into other families. The relative pronoun `quos` (with `duobus e filiis` as its antecedent) is the direct object of `retinuerat domi`, with `solos ... heredes` acting as an object complement or appositive, meaning 'whom he had retained at home as the sole heirs'.
- 45.40.8oportuerat — The pluperfect indicative of the impersonal verb `oportet` ('it is proper'). Verbs expressing obligation or propriety regularly use the indicative (imperfect or pluperfect) instead of the subjunctive to express past contrary-to-fact situations. Here, it implies 'whom it would have been proper to see riding in the chariot with their father (but they could not due to death)'.
Cite this passage
Livy, History of Rome §45.40.1-45.40.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:45.40.1-45.40.9
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