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Livy · History of Rome §45.34.1-45.34.14

Sack of Epirus and Paulus' Return to Italy

Passage 1760 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Paulus carried out the senate's decree by tricking the Epirotes into disarming and then thoroughly plundering their cities, acquiring immense booty and captives before returning to Italy with Anicius. Meanwhile, in Asia Minor, Roman legates attempted to mediate peace between the Gauls and King Eumenes, but their words failed to move the defiant Gauls.

§45.34.1haud procul inde Anici castra aberant.
The camp of Anicius was not far from there.
ad quem litteris missis, ne quid ad ea, quae fierent, moveretur: senatum praedam Epiri civitatium, quae ad Persea defecissent, exercitui dedisse suo, missis centurionibus in singulas urbes, qui se dicerent ad praesidia deducenda venisse, ut liberi Epirotae sicut Macedones essent, denos principes ex singulis evocavit civitatibus;
Letters were sent to him, warning him not to make any move in response to what was about to happen: namely, that the senate had granted the plunder of the cities of Epirus, which had defected to Perseus, to his own army. Then, having sent centurions to each city, who were to say that they had come to withdraw the garrisons so that the Epirotes might be free just like the Macedonians, Paulus summoned ten leading men from each of the cities.
§45.34.2quibus cum denuntiasset, ut aurum atque argentum in publicum proferretur, per omnes civitates cohortes dimisit.
When he had ordered them to bring out their gold and silver into public, he dispatched cohorts throughout all the cities.
§45.34.3ante in ulteriores quam in propiores profecti, ut uno die in omnes perveniretur.
They set out earlier for the more distant places than the nearer ones, so that they might arrive at all of them on one and the same day.
§45.34.4edita tribunis centurionibusque erant, quae agerentur.
Instructions as to what was to be done had been given to the tribunes and centurions.
mane omne aurum argentumque conlatum; hora quarta signum ad diripiendas urbes datum est militibus;
In the morning all the gold and silver was collected; at the fourth hour the signal to plunder the cities was given to the soldiers.
§45.34.5tantaque praeda fuit, ut in equitem quadringeni denarii, peditibus duceni dividerentur, centum quinquaginta milia capitum humanorum abducerentur.
And so great was the booty that four hundred denarii were distributed to each cavalryman and two hundred to each infantryman, and one hundred and fifty thousand human beings were carried off.
§45.34.6muri deinde direptarum urbium diruti sunt; ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta.
Then the walls of the plundered cities were demolished; those towns were about seventy in number.
vendita praeda omnis, inde ea summa militi numerata est.
All the booty was sold, and from that sum the total was paid out to the soldiers.
§45.34.7Paulus ad mare Oricum descendit nequaquam, ut ratus erat, expletis militum animis, qui, tamquam nullum in Macedonia gessissent bellum, expertis regiae praedae esse indignabantur.
Paulus marched down to the sea at Oricum, by no means with the minds of his soldiers satisfied, as he had expected; for they, as if they had waged no war in Macedonia, were indignant at being excluded from the royal booty.
§45.34.8Orici cum missas cum Scipione Nasica Maximoque filio copias invenisset, exercitu in naves inposito in Italiam traiecit.
When he had found at Oricum the troops that had been sent with Scipio Nasica and his son Maximus, he embarked the army on ships and crossed over to Italy.
§45.34.9et post paucos dies Anicius conventu reliquorum Epirotarum Acarnanumque acto iussisque in Italiam sequi principibus, quorum cognitionem causae senatui reservarat, et ipse navibus expectatis, quibus usus Macedonicus exercitus erat, in Italiam traiecit.
And a few days later, Anicius, having held an assembly of the remaining Epirotes and Acarnanians and ordered the leading men—the investigation of whose case he had reserved for the senate—to follow him to Italy, also crossed over to Italy himself, after waiting for the ships which the Macedonian army had used.
§45.34.10cum haec in Macedonia Epiroque gesta sunt, legati, qui cum Attalo ad finiendum bellum inter Gallos et regem Eumenem missi erant, in Asiam pervenerant.
While these things were being done in Macedonia and Epirus, the envoys who had been sent with Attalus to end the war between the Gauls and King Eumenes had arrived in Asia.
§45.34.11indutiis per hiemem factis et Galli domos abierant et rex in hiberna concesserat Pergamum gravique morbo aeger fuerat.
A truce having been made for the winter, both the Gauls had gone home and the king had retired into winter quarters at Pergamum and had been sick with a severe illness.
ver primum eos domo excivit iamque Synnada pervenerant et Eumenes ad Sardis undique exercitum contraxerat.
The first of spring called them out from home, and they had already reached Synnada, and Eumenes had assembled an army from all sides at Sardis.
§45.34.12ibi Romani cum et Solovettium, ducem Gallorum, † Synnades adlocutus ettalus cum eis profectus, sed castra Gallorum intrare eum non placuit, ne animi ex disceptatione inritarentur.
There, when the Romans [met] Solovettium, the leader of the Gauls, [†... †] Attalus set out with them, but it was not thought best for him to enter the camp of the Gauls, lest their tempers should be inflamed by discussion.
§45.34.13P. Licinius consularis cum regulo Gallorum est locutus rettulitque ferociorem eum deprecando factum, §45.34.14ut mirum videri possit inter tam opulentos reges, Antiochum Ptolemaeumque, tantum legatorum Romanorum verba valuisse, ut extemplo pacem facerent, apud Gallos nullius momenti fuisse.
Publius Licinius, a man of consular rank, spoke with the chieftain of the Gauls and reported back that he had been made more insolent by their entreaties, so that it might seem surprising that, while the words of the Roman envoys had had such power among kings so wealthy as Antiochus and Ptolemy that they made peace immediately, they had been of no weight whatsoever among the Gauls.

Notes

  1. 45.34.1ad quem litteris missis — The pronoun 'quem' is a connecting relative referring to Anicius in the previous sentence. 'litteris missis' is an ablative absolute which grammatically and contextually introduces both the indirect command ('ne... moveretur') and the indirect statement ('senatum... dedisse suo') explaining the background of the plunder.
  2. 45.34.1ut liberi Epirotae sicut Macedones essent — A clause of purpose expressing the false pretext used by the centurions. Dependent on the preceding 'qui se dicerent...' ('centurions who were to say...'), it indicates that the withdrawal of garrisons was presented under the guise of making the Epirotes 'free', a deceptive stratagem designed to lower their guard.
  3. 45.34.7expertis regiae praedae esse — 'expertis' is a variant spelling of 'expertes' (accusative plural masculine of the adjective 'expers', meaning 'having no share in'). It forms the accusative-and-infinitive construction with 'esse' depending on 'indignabantur' (with the pronoun 'se' omitted or referring back to 'qui'). The phrase 'regiae praedae' is the genitive governed by 'expers'.
  4. 45.34.13deprecando — The ablative of the gerund of 'deprecor' ('to entreat', 'to plead'), expressing means. It highlights the irony that the submissive pleading and entreaties of the Romans actually backfired, making the Gallic chieftain more defiant and arrogant ('ferociorem').
  5. 45.34.14ut mirum videri possit... — 'ut' introduces a result clause with the subjunctive 'possit'. Inside this clause, the parallel accusative-and-infinitive structures ('tantum... valuisse' and 'apud Gallos... fuisse') state the content of what 'might seem surprising' ('mirum videri'), contrasting the immense impact of Roman authority on the powerful Eastern kings with its complete lack of influence on the Gauls.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §45.34.1-45.34.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:45.34.1-45.34.14

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