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Livy · History of Rome §45.12.1-45.12.13

The Line in the Sand and Antiochus's Withdrawal

Passage 1738 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The famous anecdote of the Roman envoy Popilius drawing a circle around Antiochus IV to force his withdrawal from Egypt, leading to peace. It also records the other consul's uneventful actions in Gaul and the religious defect in proclaiming the assembly day.

§45.12.1postquam dies data indutiis praeteriit, navigantibus ostio Nili ad Pelusium praefectis ipse per deserta Arabiae est profectus receptusque et ab iis, qui ad Memphim incolebant, §45.12.2et ab ceteris Aegyptiis, partim voluntate partim metu, ad Alexandream modicis itineribus descendit.
After the day appointed for the truce had passed, having sent his officers by ship from the mouth of the Nile to Pelusium, he himself set out through the deserts of Arabia, and being received both by those who dwelt around Memphis, and by the rest of the Egyptians, partly through goodwill, partly through fear, he marched down to Alexandria by moderate stages.
§45.12.3ad Eleusinem transgresso flumen, qui locus quattuor milia ab Alexandrea abest, legati Romani occurrerunt.
As he crossed the river at Eleusis, a place four miles distant from Alexandria, the Roman commissioners met him.
§45.12.4quos cum advenientis salutasset dextramque Popilio porrigeret, tabellas ei Popilius senatus consultum scriptum habentis tradit atque omnium primum id legere iubet.
When he had greeted them as they approached and was extending his right hand to Popilius, Popilius handed him the tablets which contained the written decree of the senate, and ordered him to read this first of all.
§45.12.5quibus perlectis cum se consideraturum adhibitis amicis, quid faciendum sibi esset dixisset, Popilius pro cetera asperitate animi virga, quam in manu gerebat, circumscripsit regem ac “priusquam hoc circulo excedas” inquit “redde responsum, senatui quod referam. ” obstupefactus tam violento imperio parumper cum haesitasset, §45.12.6“faciam” inquit “quod censet senatus. ” tum demum Popilius dextram regi tamquam socio atque amico porrexit.
When these had been read through, and he said that he would consider with his friends what he ought to do, Popilius, with his usual harshness of mind, drew a circle around the king with the rod which he was carrying in his hand, and said, "Before you step out of this circle, give me an answer which I may report to the senate." Astounded by so violent a command, when he had hesitated for a little while, "I will do," he said, "what the senate decides." Then at last Popilius extended his right hand to the king as to an ally and friend.
§45.12.7die deinde finita cum excessisset Aegypto Antiochus, legati concordia etiam auctoritate sua inter fratres firmata, inter quos vixdum convenerat pax, Cyprum navigant et inde, quae iam vicerat proelio Aegyptias naves, classem Antiochi dimittunt.
Then, when the term had expired and Antiochus had departed from Egypt, the commissioners, having also established concord between the brothers by their authority—between whom peace had scarcely yet been agreed upon—sailed to Cyprus, and from there they sent away the fleet of Antiochus, which had already defeated the Egyptian ships in battle.
§45.12.8clara ea per gentis legatio fuit, quod haud dubie adempta Antiocho Aegyptus habenti iam redditumque patrium regnum stirpi Ptolemaei fuerat.
That embassy was famous among the nations, because Egypt had undoubtedly been taken away from Antiochus, who already held it, and the paternal kingdom had been restored to the descendants of Ptolemy.
§45.12.9consulum eius anni sicut alterius clarus consulatus insigni victoria, ita alterius obscura fama, quia materiam res gerendi non habuit.
Of the consuls of that year, just as the consulship of the one was illustrious for a distinguished victory, so that of the other was of obscure fame, because he had no opportunity for achieving exploits.
§45.12.10iam primum cum legionibus ad conveniendum diem edixit, non auspicato templum intravit.
Now first, when he had proclaimed a day for the legions to assemble, he entered the temple without taking the auspices.
vitio diem dictam esse augures, cum ad eos relatum esset, decreverunt.
The augurs, when the matter was referred to them, decreed that the day had been proclaimed with a defect.
§45.12.11profectus in Galliam circa Macros campos ad montis Siciminam et Papinum stativa habuit; deinde circa eadem loca cum sociis nominis Latini hibernabat; §45.12.12legiones Romanae, quod vitio dies exercitui ad conveniendum dicta erat, Romae manserant.
Having set out for Gaul, he had his standing camp around the Macri Campi, near Mount Sicimina and Mount Papinus; then he wintered around the same places with the allies of the Latin name; the Roman legions, because the day for the army to assemble had been proclaimed with a defect, had remained in Rome.
§45.12.13et praetores praeter C. Papirium Carbonem, cui Sardinia evenerat, in provincias iere.
And the praetors, except Gaius Papirius Carbo, to whom Sardinia had fallen, went to their provinces.
eum ius dicere Romae — nam eam quoque sortem habebat — inter cives et peregrinos patres censuerant.
The fathers had decided that he should administer justice in Rome—for he held that lot also—between citizens and foreigners.

Notes

  1. 45.12.1navigantibus ostio Nili ad Pelusium praefectis — An ablative absolute construction with praefectis (officers) as the logical subject and the present participle navigantibus (sailing), describing the dispatch of his forces by sea.
  2. 45.12.3transgresso — A dative perfect participle, serving as the dative object of the main verb occurrerunt (met). It refers to Antiochus who had crossed the river.
  3. 45.12.5pro cetera asperitate animi — The preposition pro means 'in accordance with' or 'befitting'. The adjective cetera (other) here implies 'his usual' or 'well-known' harshness of character.
  4. 45.12.10non auspicato — An impersonal ablative absolute formed by the perfect participle alone, meaning 'without having taken the auspices,' indicating a lack of proper religious ritual.
  5. 45.12.13eum ius dicere Romae — nam eam quoque sortem habebat — inter cives et peregrinos patres censuerant — The main clause is parentum censuerant (the fathers had decided), which governs the accusative and infinitive (A.c.I.) construction eum ius dicere (that he administer justice). The parenthetical clause nam eam... is inserted in the middle.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §45.12.1-45.12.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:45.12.1-45.12.13

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