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Livy · History of Rome §44.10.1-44.10.12

Perseus's Cover-up and Roman Naval Operations

Passage 1690 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

King Perseus recovers from his panic and regrets his destructive orders, executing the witnesses to his commands. Meanwhile, the Roman fleet under Marcius raids Thessalonica and other coastal areas, eventually joining forces with King Eumenes and reinforcements.

§44.10.1Perseus tandem a pavore eo, quo attonitus fuerat, recepto animo malle imperiis suis non obtemperatum esse, cum trepidans gazam in mare deici Pellae, Thessalonicae navalia iusserat incendi.
Perseus at length, having recovered his senses from that panic by which he had been stunned, wished that his commands had not been obeyed, when in his excitement he had ordered the treasure at Pella to be thrown into the sea, and the dockyards at Thessalonica to be burned.
§44.10.2Andronicus Thessalonicam missus traxerat tempus, id ipsum, quod accidit, paenitentiae relinquens locum.
Andronicus, who had been sent to Thessalonica, had spun out the time, leaving room for that very thing which happened, namely, repentance.
§44.10.3incautior Nicias Pellae proiciendo pecuniae partem, quae fuerat ad Phacum; §44.10.4sed in re emendabili visus lapsus esse, quod per urinatores omnis ferme extracta est.
Nicias was less cautious, by throwing away at Pella a part of the money which had been at Phacus; but he seemed to have slipped in a matter that was remediable, because almost all of it was recovered by divers.
tantusque pudor regi pavoris eius fuit, ut urinatores clam interfici iusserit, deinde Andronicum quoque et Nician, ne quis tam dementis imperii conscius existeret.
And the king felt such great shame for his panic, that he ordered the divers to be secretly put to death, and then Andronicus and Nicias also, so that no one might survive who was privy to such a mad order.
§44.10.5inter haec C. Marcius cum classe ab Heracleo Thessalonicam profectus et agrum pluribus locis expositis per litora armatis late vastavit et procurrentes ab urbe secundis aliquot proeliis trepidos intra moenia conpulit.
In the meantime, C. Marcius, having set out with the fleet from Heracleum to Thessalonica, both extensively ravaged the territory by landing armed men at several places along the coast, and, in some successful engagements, drove back in terror within their walls those who sallied out from the city.
§44.10.6iamque ipsi urbi terribilis erat, cum dispositis omnis generis tormentis non vagi modo circa muros, temere adpropinquantes, sed etiam qui in navibus erant, saxis tormento emicantibus percutiebantur.
And now he was causing terror to the city itself, since, all kinds of artillery having been disposed, not only those who wandered about the walls, approaching rashly, but even those who were in the ships were struck by stones discharged from the engines.
§44.10.7revocatis igitur in naves militibus omissaque Thessalonicae oppugnatione Aeniam inde petunt.
Therefore, having recalled the soldiers to the ships and abandoned the siege of Thessalonica, they proceeded thence to Aenia.
quindecim milia passuum ea urbs abest, adversus Pydnam posita, fertilis agro.
That city is fifteen miles distant, situated opposite Pydna, and fertile in its soil.
§44.10.8pervastatis finibus eius legentes oram Antigoneam perveniunt.
Having thoroughly ravaged its territory, sailing along the coast they reached Antigonea.
ibi egressi in terram primo et vastarunt agros passim et aliquantum praedae contulerunt ad naves.
Having landed there, at first they both devastated the fields in all directions and carried a considerable amount of booty to the ships.
§44.10.9dein palatos eos adorti Macedones, mixti pedites equitesque, fugientes effuse ad mare persecuti quingentos ferme occiderunt et non minus ceperunt.
Then the Macedonians, infantry and cavalry mixed, having attacked them while scattered, and pursued them as they fled in disorder to the sea, killed about five hundred and captured no fewer.
§44.10.10nec aliud quam ultima necessitas, cum recipere se tuto ad naves prohiberentur, animos militum Romanorum simul desperatione alia salutis simul indignitate inritavit.
And nothing other than the utmost necessity, since they were prevented from retreating safely to their ships, stimulated the courage of the Roman soldiers, both through despair of safety in any other way and through indignation.
§44.10.11redintegrata in litore pugna est; adiuvere, qui in navibus erant.
The battle was renewed on the shore; those who were in the ships helped.
ibi Macedonum ducenti ferme caesi, par numerus captus.
There, about two hundred of the Macedonians were slain, and an equal number captured.
ab Antigonea classis profecta ad agrum Pallenensem escensionem ad populandum fecit.
The fleet, having set out from Antigonea, made a landing for plunder on the territory of Pallene.
§44.10.12finium is ager Cassandrensium erat, longe fertilissimus omnis orae, quam praetervecti fuerant.
That territory belonged to the district of Cassandrea, by far the most fertile of all the coast which they had sailed past.
ibi Eumenes rex viginti tectis navibus ab Elaea profectus obvius fuit et quinque missae a Prusia rege tectae naves.
There King Eumenes, having set out from Elaea with twenty decked ships, met them, and also five decked ships sent by King Prusias.

Notes

  1. 44.10.1malle — Historical infinitive (infinitivus historicus) with Perseus as the subject. It is used in place of an imperfect or perfect indicative (mallebat / maluit) to vividly narrate his change of mind. The following `non obtemperatum esse` is an impersonal passive infinitive of the intransitive verb `obtempero`, which governs the dative.
  2. 44.10.3incautior Nicias Pellae proiciendo pecuniae partem, quae fuerat ad Phacum — An elliptical sentence with the main verb omitted. In contrast to the preceding statement that Andronicus had spun out the time, it must be understood that Nicias acted less cautiously and immediately threw the money away. `proiciendo` (gerund in the ablative) indicates the means of the action.
  3. 44.10.4pavoris eius — Objective genitive (genitivus obiectivus) depending on the noun `pudor` (shame), meaning 'shame for his panic'. `regi` is a dative of possessor or reference, literally 'there was to the king'.
  4. 44.10.10nec aliud quam — A restrictive and emphatic expression meaning 'nothing other than' or 'only'. The subject is `ultima necessitas` and the main verb of the sentence is `inritavit`. Furthermore, `simul ... simul` (at once... at once...) coordinates the ablatives of cause (`desperatione` and `indignitate`).

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §44.10.1-44.10.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:44.10.1-44.10.12

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