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Livy · History of Rome §42.25.1-42.25.14

Envoys' Report on Perseus and the Recall of the Consul

Passage 1615 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The Roman ambassadors returning from Macedonia report to the senate on King Perseus' hostile attitude, his war preparations, and his refusal of their demands, prompting the senate to recall a consul.

§42.25.1sub idem tempus Cn. Servilius Caepio Ap. Claudius Cento T. Annius Luscus legati ad res repetendas in Macedoniam renuntiandamque amicitiam regi missi redierunt; §42.25.2qui iam sua sponte infestum Persei senatum insuper accenderunt, relatis ordine, quae vidissent quaeque audissent: vidisse se per omnes urbes Macedonum summa vi parari bellum.
About the same time, the ambassadors Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, Appius Claudius Cento, and Titus Annius Luscus, who had been sent to Macedonia to demand redress and to renounce friendship with the king, returned; they further inflamed the senate, which was already of its own accord hostile to Perseus, by reporting in order what they had seen and heard: that they had seen war being prepared with the greatest vigor throughout all the cities of the Macedonians.
§42.25.3cum ad regem pervenissent, per multos dies conveniendi eius potestatem non factam; postremo, cum desperato iam conloquio profecti essent, tum demum se ex itinere revocatos et ad eum introductos esse.
When they had arrived at the king, for many days no opportunity of meeting him was granted; at last, when they had set out, having already despaired of an interview, only then were they recalled from their journey and introduced to him.
§42.25.4suae orationis summam fuisse: foedus cum Philippo ictum esse, cum ipso eo post mortem patris renovatum, in quo diserte prohiberi eum extra fines arma offerre, prohiberi socios populi Romani lacessere bello.
The substance of their speech had been: that a treaty had been struck with Philip, and renewed with him himself after his father's death, in which he was expressly forbidden to carry arms outside his boundaries, and forbidden to harass the allies of the Roman people in war.
§42.25.5exposita deinde ab se ordine, quae ipsi nuper in senatu Eumenen vera omnia et conperta referentem audissent.
Then, what they themselves had recently heard Eumenes reporting in the senate as all true and verified was explained by them in order.
§42.25.6Samothracae praeterea per multos dies occultum consilium cum legationibus civitatium Asiae regem habuisse.
Furthermore, that the king had held a secret council for many days at Samothrace with embassies from the states of Asia.
§42.25.7pro his iniuriis satisfieri senatum aecum censere, reddique sibi res sociisque quas contra ius foederis habeat.
The senate thought it just that satisfaction should be made for these injuries, and that the things which he held contrary to the law of the treaty should be restored to them and their allies.
§42.25.8regem ad ea primo accensum ira inclementer locutum, avaritiam superbiamque Romanis obicientem frementemque, quod alii super alios legati venirent speculatum dicta factaque sua, quod se ad nutum imperiumque eorum omnia dicere ac facere aecum censerent; §42.25.9postremo multum ac diu vociferatum reverti postero die iussisse: scriptum se responsum dare velle.
The king, at first inflamed with anger at these things, spoke harshly, casting avarice and arrogance in the teeth of the Romans, and chafing because ambassadors came one after another to spy upon his words and deeds, and because they thought it just that he should say and do everything at their beck and call; at last, having vociferated much and long, he ordered them to return on the following day, saying that he wished to give a written reply.
§42.25.10tum ita sibi scriptum traditum esse: foedus cum patre ictum ad se nihil pertinere; id se renovari, non quia probaret, sed quia in nova possessione regni patienda omnia essent, passum.
Then a written document was delivered to them as follows: that the treaty struck with his father did not concern him at all; that he had allowed it to be renewed, not because he approved of it, but because in the new possession of his kingdom everything had to be endured.
§42.25.11novom foedus si secum facere vellent, convenire prius de condicionibus debere; si in animum inducerent, ut ex aequo foedus fieret, et se visurum, quid sibi faciundum esset, et illos credere e re publica consulturos.
If they wished to make a new treaty with him, they ought first to agree on the conditions; if they brought their minds to let the treaty be made on equal terms, he would also see what he ought to do, and he believed they would consult for the good of the state.
§42.25.12atque ita se proripuisse, et summoveri e regia omnes coeptos.
And having spoken thus, he flung himself away, and they began to clear everyone out of the palace.
tum se amicitiam et societatem renuntiasse.
Then they renounced friendship and alliance.
qua voce eum accensum restitisse atque voce clara denuntiasse sibi, ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus.
Inflamed by this word, he stopped and in a loud voice warned them to depart from the boundaries of his kingdom within three days.
§42.25.13ita se profectos; nec sibi aut manentibus aut abeuntibus quidquam hospitaliter aut benigne factum.
Thus they set out; nor was anything done hospitably or kindly for them, either while remaining or departing.
Thessali deinde Aetolique legati auditi.
Next, the Thessalian and Aetolian ambassadors were heard.
§42.25.14senatui, ut scirent quam primum, quibus ducibus usura res publica esset, litteras mitti consulibus placuit, ut, uter eorum posset, Romam ad magistratus creandos veniret.
The senate, in order that they might know as soon as possible which leaders the state would employ, resolved that a letter should be sent to the consuls, that whichever of them was able should come to Rome to hold the elections of magistrates.

Notes

  1. 42.25.1ad res repetendas in Macedoniam renuntiandamque amicitiam — The phrase res repetendae is a formal legal and diplomatic term for demanding redress or restoration of property. Under the preposition ad, it is constructed as a gerundive agreeing with res and amicitiam respectively: ad res repetendas and [ad] renuntiandam amicitiam, accompanied by the directional expressions in Macedoniam and regi.
  2. 42.25.2relatis ordine, quae vidissent quaeque audissent — The participle relatis forms an ablative absolute construction with the relative clause quae vidissent quaeque audissent (what they had seen and heard) acting as its logical subject. The verbs in the relative clause are in the subjunctive (vidissent, audissent) because they express the contents of an indirect report or subjective account of the ambassadors.
  3. 42.25.5exposita deinde ab se ordine — The phrase exposita [esse] is an ellipse of the passive infinitive, continuing the indirect speech from the previous sections to describe the contents of the ambassadors' report. The subject of this infinitive is the following relative clause quae... audissent.
  4. 42.25.14quibus ducibus usura res publica esset — An indirect question clause utilizing the active periphrastic subjunctive usura... esset (future participle + subjunctive of esse). The phrase quibus ducibus is in the ablative case, serving as the object of the verb utor (here represented by usura), which regularly governs the ablative. Literally, 'which leaders the state would employ.'

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §42.25.1-42.25.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:42.25.1-42.25.14

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