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Livy · History of Rome §41.2.1-41.2.13

Istrian Surprise Attack and the Roman Flight

Passage 1564 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

The Istrians launch a surprise attack on the poorly guarded Roman camp, causing a panic that drives the Romans, including the consul, to flee to the sea. While the military tribune Strabo and his men die resisting at the headquarters, the invading Istrians, led by their king, begin a feast amidst the abandoned supplies.

§41.2.1Histri, ut primum ad lacum Timavi castra Romana sunt mota, ipsi post collem occulto loco consederunt, et inde obliquis itineribus agmen sequebantur, in omnem occasionem intenti; §41.2.2nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat.
The Istrians, as soon as the Roman camp was moved to Lake Timavus, stationed themselves in a hidden place behind a hill, and from there followed the column by roundabout routes, intent upon every opportunity; nor did anything that was being done by land or sea escape them.
§41.2.3postquam stationes invalidas esse pro castris, forum turba inermi frequens inter castra et mare mercantium sine ullo terrestri aut maritimo munimento viderunt, duo simul praesidia, Placentinae cohortis et manipulorum secundae legionis, adgrediuntur.
After they saw that the outposts in front of the camp were weak, and that the market between the camp and the sea was crowded with an unarmed crowd of traders without any land or naval protection, they simultaneously attacked two outposts, that of the Placentine cohort and those of the maniples of the second legion.
§41.2.4nebula matutina texerat inceptum; qua dilabente ad primum teporem solis perlucens iam aliquid, incerta tamen, ut solet, lux speciem omnium multiplicem intuenti reddens, tum quoque frustrata Romanos, multo maiorem iis, quam erat, hostium aciem ostendit.
The morning mist had covered their enterprise; as it dispersed at the first warmth of the sun, the light, now already showing some transparency, yet uncertain as it usually is, offering a manifold appearance of everything to one who looked at it, then also deceived the Romans, and showed them a line of battle of the enemy much larger than it actually was.
§41.2.5qua territi utriusque stationis milites ingenti tumultu cum in castra confugissent, haud paulo ibi plus, quam quod secum ipsi attulerant, terroris fecerunt.
Terrified by this, when the soldiers of both outposts had fled into the camp in a huge tumult, they caused not a little more terror there than what they had brought with themselves.
§41.2.6nam neque dicere, quid fugissent, nec percunctantibus reddere responsum poterant; et clamor in portis, ut ubi nulla esset statio, quae sustineret impetum, audiebatur; et concursatio in obscuro incidentium aliorum in alios incertum fecerat, an hostis intra vallum esset.
For they could neither say what they had fled from, nor return an answer to those who questioned them; and a shout was heard at the gates, as if in a place where there was no outpost to withstand the attack; and the rushing about in the dark of those falling one upon another had made it uncertain whether the enemy was within the rampart.
§41.2.7una vox audiebatur ad mare vocantium; id forte temere ab uno exclamatum totis passim personabat castris.
Only one cry was heard of those calling to the sea; this, shouted by chance and heedlessly by one person, resounded everywhere throughout the entire camp.
§41.2.8itaque primo, velut iussi id facere, pauci, armati alii, maior pars inermes, ad mare decurrunt, dein plures, postremo prope omnes, et ipse consul, cum frustra revocare fugientes conatus nec imperio nec auctoritate nec precibus ad extremum valuisset.
And so at first, as if ordered to do so, a few, some armed, the greater part unarmed, ran down to the sea, then more, finally almost all, and the consul himself, after he had tried in vain to recall the fugitives and had at last prevailed neither by command, nor by authority, nor by entreaties.
§41.2.9unus remansit M. Licinius Strabo, tribunus militum secundae legionis, cum tribus signis ab legione sua relictus.
Only one remained, Marcus Licinius Strabo, a military tribune of the second legion, left behind by his legion with three standards.
hunc in vacua castra impetu facto Histri, cum alius armatus iis nemo obviam isset, in praetorio instruentem atque adhortantem suos oppresserunt.
The Istrians, having made an assault on the empty camp, since no other armed man had come to meet them, overwhelmed him as he was drawing up and encouraging his men in the headquarters.
§41.2.10proelium atrocius quam pro paucitate resistentium fuit, nec ante finitum est, quam tribunus militum quique circa eum constiterant interfecti sunt.
The battle was more fierce than could be expected from the small number of those resisting, and was not finished until the military tribune and those who had stood around him were killed.
§41.2.11praetorio deiecto direptisque, quae ibi fuerunt, ad quaestorium, forum quintanamque hostes pervenerunt.
When the headquarters had been demolished and what was there plundered, the enemy reached the quaestor's quarters, the market, and the quintana.
§41.2.12ibi cum omnium rerum paratam expositamque copiam et stratos lectos in quaestorio invenissent, regulus accubans epulari coepit.
When they had found there an abundance of all things prepared and set out, and couches spread in the quaestor's quarters, the petty king, reclining, began to feast.
§41.2.13mox idem ceteri omnes, armorum hostiumque obliti, faciunt; et, ut quibus insuetus liberalior victus esset, avidius vino ciboque corpora onerant.
Soon all the others, forgetting their arms and the enemy, did the same; and, as they were unaccustomed to a more generous living, they loaded their bodies more greedily with wine and food.

Notes

  1. §41.2.3forum turba inermi frequens — Accusative with infinitive construction (with `esse` omitted) acting as the object of `viderunt`. `turba inermi` is an ablative of means or cause modifying the adjective `frequens` (crowded).
  2. §41.2.4perlucens iam aliquid — `aliquid` is an accusative neuter singular used adverbially to mean "somewhat" or "to some extent," modifying the present participle `perlucens` (shining through). The subject of the main clause is `lux`.
  3. §41.2.5haud paulo ibi plus ... terroris — `haud paulo` is an ablative of degree of difference meaning "not a little," modifying the comparative `plus`. `terroris` is a partitive genitive dependent on `plus`. In `quam quod`, `quod` is a relative pronoun with its antecedent `id` omitted, serving as the direct object of `attulerant`.
  4. §41.2.6ut ubi nulla esset statio — A subordinate clause introduced by `ut ubi` (as if in a place where), using the imperfect subjunctive `esset` to express a hypothetical situation.
  5. §41.2.8cum ... conatus — The perfect participle `conatus` of the deponent verb `conor` here functions either as the first predicate within the `cum` clause (with `esset` omitted: `conatus esset`) or as a participle coordinated with the main verb of the `cum` clause, `valuisset`.
  6. §41.2.10atrocius quam pro paucitate — The preposition `pro` here means "in proportion to" or "in accordance with." Combined with the comparative `atrocius`, it expresses disproportion: "fiercer than was to be expected from the small number of those resisting."
  7. §41.2.13ut quibus insuetus liberalior victus esset — A construction of `ut` with the relative pronoun `quibus` (dative) and the subjunctive (`esset`), expressing a cause or reason by characterizing the subjects of the main clause ("since to them...").

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §41.2.1-41.2.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:41.2.1-41.2.13

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