Humanitext Reader

Livy · History of Rome §40.8.1-40.8.20

Perseus's Accusation and Philip's Hearing of the Brothers

Passage 1511 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Perseus accuses Demetrius to his father Philip of attempting a night attack, prompting the startled king to summon advisors and order both brothers to face each other. Philip severely rebukes them for their deep-rooted discord, lamenting their insatiable ambition for the throne while urging them to recall historical examples of brotherly unity.

§40.8.1postero die Perseus, cum primum conveniendi potestas patris fuit, regiam ingressus perturbato vultu in conspectu patris tacitus procul constitit.
On the following day, as soon as he had the opportunity of meeting his father, Perseus entered the palace and, with a troubled countenance, stood in his father's presence at a distance in silence.
§40.8.2cui cum pater “satin salve?” et, quaenam ea maestitia esset, interrogaret eum, “de lucro tibi” inquit “vivere me scito.
When his father asked him, "Is all well?" and what was the meaning of that sadness, he replied: "Know that I live thanks to you as a matter of clear profit.
iam non occultis a fratre petimur insidiis; nocte cum armatis domum ad interficiendum me venit, clausisque foribus parietum praesidio me a furore eius sum tutatus. ” §40.8.3cum pavorem mixtum admiratione patri iniecisset, “atqui si aures praebere potes” inquit, “manifestanm rem teneas faciam. ” §40.8.4enimvero se Philippus dicere auditurum, vocarique extemplo Demetrium iussit; et seniores amicos duos, expertes iuvenalium inter fratres certaminum, infrequentes iam in regia, Lysimachum et Onomastum arcessit, quos in consilio haberet.
We are no longer targeted by my brother with hidden plots; by night he came to my house with armed men to murder me, and by barring the gates, I protected myself from his madness through the defense of the walls." When he had struck his father with fear mixed with astonishment, he added, "And yet, if you can lend your ears, I will make you master of a clear and manifest fact." Thereupon Philip said indeed that he would hear him, and ordered Demetrius to be summoned immediately; he also sent for two elderly friends, who had no part in the youthful rivalries between the brothers and were now rare visitors to the palace, Lysimachus and Onomastus, to have them in his council.
§40.8.5dum veniunt amici, solus filio procul stante multa secum animo volutans inambulavit.
While the friends were coming, he walked up and down alone, with his son standing at a distance, revolving many thoughts in his mind.
§40.8.6postquam venisse eos nuntiatum est, secessit in partem interiorem cum duobus amicis et totidem custodibus corporis; filiis, ut ternos inermes secum introducerent, permisit.
After it was announced that they had arrived, he retired into the inner part of the palace with the two friends and the same number of bodyguards; he permitted his sons, to bring in three unarmed attendants each with them.
§40.8.7ibi cum consedisset, “sedeo” inquit “miserrimus pater iudex inter duos filios, accusatorem parricidii et reum aut conficti aut admissi criminis labem apud meos inventurus.
When he had taken his seat there, he said, "I sit here as a most wretched father, a judge between two sons, about to find among my own children either an accuser of parricide or a defendant of a crime either fabricated or committed, in either case a stain on my family.
§40.8.8iam pridem quidem hanc procellam imminentem timebam, cum vultus inter vos minime fraternos cernerem, cum voces quasdam exaudirem.
Indeed, I have long feared this impending storm, when I saw faces between you that were far from brotherly, and when I overheard certain voices.
§40.8.9sed interdum spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras purgari suspiciones posse. etiam hostes armis positis foedus icisse, et privatas multorum simultates finitas: subituram vobis aliquando germanitatis memoriam, §40.8.10puerilis quondam simplicitatis consuetudinisque inter vos, meorum denique praeceptorum, quae vereor ne vana surdis auribus cecinerim.
But sometimes a hope entered my mind that your anger could burn out and your suspicions be cleared away; that even enemies, laying down their arms, have struck treaties, and the private feuds of many have ended; and that the memory of your brotherhood would some day come upon you, of your former boyish simplicity and intimacy, and finally of my precepts, which I fear I have sung in vain to deaf ears.
§40.8.11quotiens ego audientibus vobis detestatus exempla discordiarum fraternarum horrendos eventus eorum rettuli, qui se stirpemque suam, domos, regna funditus evertissent.
How often, while you were listening, have I detested the examples of brotherly discord and related the horrible ends of those who had utterly destroyed themselves, their offspring, their houses, and their kingdoms!
§40.8.12meliora quoque exempla parte altera posui: sociabilem consortionem inter binos Lacedaemoniorum reges, salutarem per multa saecula ipsis patriaeque: §40.8.13eandem civitatem, postquam mos sibi cuique rapiendi tyrannidem exortus sit, eversam.
I have also placed better examples on the other side: the cooperative partnership between the two kings of the Lacedaemonians, which was beneficial to themselves and their country for many centuries; and that same state, after the custom of each seizing the tyranny for himself arose, was overthrown.
§40.8.14iam hos Eumenem Attalumque fratres, ab tam exiguis rebus, prope ut puderet regii nominis, mihi Antiocho, cuilibet regum huius aetatis, nulla re magis quam fraterna unanimitate, regnum aequasse.
Furthermore, I told you how these brothers, Eumenes and Attalus, from such humble beginnings that they were almost ashamed of the royal name, had made their kingdom equal to mine, to that of Antiochus, or to that of any king of this age, by no other means more than by brotherly unanimity.
ne Romanis quidem exemplis abstinui, §40.8.15quae aut visa aut audita habebam, T. et L. Quinctiorum, qui bellum mecum gesserunt, P. et L. Scipionum, qui Antiochum devicerunt, patris patruique eorum, quorum perpetuam vitae concordiam mors quoque miscuit.
I did not even abstain from Roman examples, which I had either seen or heard of, such as Titus and Lucius Quinctius, who waged war with me, Publius and Lucius Scipio, who conquered Antiochus, and their father and uncle, whose lifelong harmony death also mingled.
§40.8.16neque vos illorum scelus similisque sceleri eventus deterrere a vecordi discordia potuit, neque horum bona mens, bona fortuna ad sanitatem flectere.
Yet neither the crime of those others and the end similar to their crime could deter you from your mad discord, nor the sound mind and good fortune of these latter bend you to sanity.
§40.8.17vivo et spirante me hereditatem meam ambo et spe et cupiditate improba crevistis.
While I am alive and breathing, both of you, by hope and wicked desire, have already declared your acceptance of my inheritance.
§40.8.18eo usque me vivere vultis, donec alterius vestrum superstes haud ambiguum regem alterum mea morte faciam.
You wish me to live only so long until, surviving one of you, I make the other the undisputed king by my death.
nec fratrem nec patrem potestis pati nihil cari, nihil sancti est.
You can tolerate neither brother nor father; nothing is dear, nothing is sacred.
in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor successit.
In place of all things, an insatiable love for one kingdom has succeeded.
§40.8.19agite, conscelerate aures paternas, decernite criminibus, mox ferro decreturi, dicite palam quidquid aut veri potestis aut libet comminisci:
Come then, defile your father's ears with crimes, decide your quarrel with accusations, you who are soon to decide it with the sword; speak openly whatever truth you can or whatever you please to invent.
§40.8.20reseratae aures sunt, quae posthac secretis alterius ab altero criminibus claudentur. ” haec furens ira cum dixisset, lacrimae omnibus obortae, et diu maestum silentium tenuit.
My ears are opened, which henceforth will be closed to the secret accusations of one against the other." When he had spoken these words in raging anger, tears started to everyone's eyes, and a sad silence held for a long time.

Notes

  1. 40.8.2de lucro tibi vivere me scito — The idiomatic expression de lucro vivere ('to live as a matter of clear profit' or 'to live on borrowed time') is accompanied by the dative tibi. This tibi acts as a dative of benefit, carrying the strong nuance of 'thanks to you' or 'by your grace,' used by Perseus to rhetorically emphasize to his father his narrow escape from death and his filial dependence.
  2. 40.8.4se Philippus dicere auditurum — Against the main verbs iussit and arcessit, the opening clause enimvero se Philippus dicere auditurum takes the form of an accusative-and-infinitive construction (indirect speech) indicating report or intention. Philippus is the subject, and se is the subject accusative of the infinitive. While dicere could be construed as the object of auditurum [esse] ('to hear him speak'), it is more natural to understand it as Philip declaring (dicere) that he would hear (se auditurum esse) the matter.
  3. 40.8.17hereditatem meam ambo et spe et cupiditate improba crevistis — Crevistis is the perfect tense of cernere (to decide, to declare a formal decision). In legal terminology, hereditatem cernere means 'to formally declare acceptance of an inheritance.' Therefore, crevistis here does not mean 'to increase' (from crescere), but rather, using a potent legal metaphor, accuses both sons of having already taken for granted and formally accepted their inheritance (the kingdom) while their father Philip is still alive and breathing.
  4. 40.8.18donec ... faciam — The verb faciam in the donec clause is in the present subjunctive. The construction donec with the subjunctive indicates not just a temporal limit ('until'), but also includes a nuance of expectation, anticipation, or purpose on the part of the subjects ('until such time as I should make...'). Here, it expresses the sons' wicked calculation that they wish their father to live only until his death can secure the undisputed throne for the survivor.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §40.8.1-40.8.20. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:40.8.1-40.8.20

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