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Livy · History of Rome §40.5.1-40.5.14

Perseus's Conspiracy Against Demetrius

Passage 1508 of 1770 · Latin

Summary

Perseus, threatened by the rising popularity of his brother Demetrius, conspires with their father's friends. They exploit Demetrius's pro-Roman tendencies to fuel King Philip's suspicions, leading the king to consult exclusively with Perseus.

§40.5.1huius atrocitas facinoris novam velut flammam regis invidiae adiecit, ut vulgo ipsum liberosque exsecrarentur; quae dirae brevi ab omnibus diis exauditae, ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem, effecerunt.
The cruelty of this deed added, as it were, a new flame to the hatred against the king, so that they publicly cursed him and his children; which curses were soon heard by all the gods and brought it about that he himself raged against his own blood.
§40.5.2perseus enim cum in dies magis cerneret favorem et dignitatem Demetrii fratris apud multitudinem Macedonum crescere et gratiam apud Romanos, sibi spem nullam regni superesse nisi in scelere ratus ad id unum omnes cogitationes intendit.
For Perseus, as he saw day by day the favor and dignity of his brother Demetrius growing among the multitude of the Macedonians, as well as his influence with the Romans, and thinking that no hope of the kingdom remained for him except in crime, directed all his thoughts to that one thing.
§40.5.3ceterum cum se ne ad id quidem, quod muliebri cogitabat animo, satis per se validum crederet, singulos amicorum patris temptare sermonibus perplexis institit.
But since he did not believe himself to be strong enough on his own even for that which he was planning with a womanish mind, he began to sound out the friends of his father one by one with perplexed words.
§40.5.4et primo quidam ex his aspernantium tale quicquam praebuerunt speciem, quia plus in Demetrio spei ponebant; §40.5.5deinde crescente in dies Philippi odio in Romanos, cui Perseus indulgeret, Demetrius summa ope adversaretur, prospicientes animo exitum incauti a fraude fraterna iuvenis, adiuvandum, quod futurum erat, rati fovendamque spem potentioris, Perseo se adiungunt.
And at first, some of them presented the appearance of people rejecting such a thing, because they placed more hope in Demetrius; then, as Philip's hatred against the Romans grew day by day—which Perseus encouraged and Demetrius opposed with all his might—foreseeing in their minds the ruin of the youth who was off his guard against his brother's treachery, and thinking that what was to be should be helped and the hope of the more powerful fostered, they joined Perseus.
§40.5.6cetera in suum quaeque tempus agenda differunt: in praesentia placet omni ope in Romanos accendi regem impellique ad consilia belli, ad quae iam sua sponte animum inclinasset.
Other matters they postponed to be done each in its own time; for the present, it pleased them that the king should be inflamed with all energy against the Romans and urged to plans of war, towards which he had already of his own accord inclined his mind.
§40.5.7simul ut Demetrius in dies suspectior esset, ex composite sermones ad res Romanorum trahebant.
At the same time, so that Demetrius might become more suspect day by day, they deliberately directed their conversations to the affairs of the Romans.
ibi cum alii mores et instituta eorum, alii res gestas, alii speciem ipsius urbis nondum exornatae neque publicis neque privatis locis, alii singulos principum eluderent, §40.5.8iuvenis incautus et amore nominis Romani et certamine adversus fratrem omnia tuendo suspectum se patri et opportunum criminibus faciebat.
There, when some mocked their manners and institutions, others their achievements, others the appearance of the city itself, not yet adorned in public or private places, and others individual leaders, the unguarded youth, both through his love for the Roman name and through his rivalry against his brother by defending everything, made himself suspect to his father and vulnerable to accusations.
§40.5.9itaque expertem eum pater omnium de rebus Romanis consiliorum habebat: totus in Persea versus cum eo cogitationes eius rei dies ac noctes agitabat.
Therefore, his father kept him excluded from all consultations regarding Roman affairs; turned entirely toward Perseus, he turned over thoughts on that matter with him day and night.
§40.5.10redierant forte, quos miserat in Bastarnas ad arcessenda auxilia, adduxerantque inde nobiles iuvenes et regii quosdam generis, quorum unus sororem suam in matrimonium Philippi filio pollicebatur; erexeratque consociatio gentis eius animum regis.
By chance, those whom he had sent to the Bastarnae to summon auxiliary forces had returned, and had brought from there noble youths and some of royal lineage, one of whom was promising his sister in marriage to Philip's son; and the alliance with that nation had raised the spirit of the king.
§40.5.11tum Perseus “quid ista prosunt?” inquit.
Then Perseus said: "Of what use are those things?
“nequaquam tantum in externis auxiliis est praesidii, quantum periculi in fraude domestica.
By no means is there as much protection in foreign auxiliaries as there is danger in domestic treachery.
§40.5.12proditorem nolo dicere, certe speculatorem habemus in siuu, cuius, ex quo obses Romae fuit, corpus nobis reddiderunt Romani, animum ipsi habent.
I do not wish to say a traitor, but we certainly have a spy in our bosom, whose body, since the time he was a hostage in Rome, the Romans have returned to us, but his mind they hold themselves.
§40.5.13omnium paene Macedonum in eum ora conversa sunt, nec regem se alium habituros aiunt quam quem Romani dedissent. ” §40.5.14his per se aegra mens senis stimulabatur, et animo magis quam vultu ea crimina accipiebat.
The eyes of almost all the Macedonians are turned toward him, and they say they will have no other king than the one whom the Romans have given." By these words, the mind of the old man, already sick in itself, was stimulated, and he received those charges more in his mind than in his countenance.

Notes

  1. §40.5.1quae dirae — A relative adjective (connecting relative) usage. The relative pronoun quae modifies the noun dirae (curses), referring back to the act of cursing (exsecrarentur) in the preceding clause.
  2. §40.5.1ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem, effecerunt — A result clause introduced by ut with the subjunctive saeviret, acting as the object of the verb effecerunt. It expresses that the gods, having heard the curses, brought about the result that the king raged against his own offspring.
  3. §40.5.3quod muliebri cogitabat animo — The relative pronoun quod is in the accusative case, referring to the antecedent id (the plan Perseus was plotting). muliebri animo (with a womanish mind) is an ablative of manner, characterizing his insidious and cowardly way of plotting.
  4. §40.5.5adiuvandum, quod futurum erat, rati — adiuvandum is a future passive participle (gerundive) with the infinitive esse omitted. It forms an accusative and infinitive construction dependent on rati (the nominative plural perfect participle of reor, modifying the subject): 'thinking that what was to happen should be helped.'
  5. §40.5.8omnia tuendo — tuendo is the ablative of the gerund of the deponent verb tueor (to defend/protect), expressing means: 'by defending everything.' It indicates how Demetrius compromised himself by speaking in favor of all things Roman.

Cite this passage

Livy, History of Rome §40.5.1-40.5.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:40.5.1-40.5.14

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